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Science > Unit C > Flashcards

Unit C Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is nitrogen fixation?

A

Process of changing “free” nitrogen so it can combine with other elements.

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2
Q

What is pollution?

A

A harmful change in the environment.

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3
Q

What is solid waste?

A

Garbage collected from households, industrial plants, and commercial buildings.

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4
Q

What is fuel combustion?

A

The burning of fossil fuels.

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5
Q

What is a neutral PH? Give an example

A

7, Distilled water.

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6
Q

What is an acid and what is a base?

A

Compound dissolved in water to form a solution with a PH lower the seven. Compound dissolved in water to form a solution with a PH higher than seven.

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7
Q

What is a week acid and what is a week base?

A

3-6 and 8-12

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8
Q

What is a strong acid and what is a strong base?

A

0-2 and 13-14

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9
Q

What does red and blue litmus paper indicate?

A

Red- no change=acid –> blue- base Blue-no change= base –> red-acid

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10
Q

What is an organic compound? Give one example.

A

A compound that contains Carbon, Petroleum.

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11
Q

What are macro and micronutrients? give examples

A

Macro- Needed in large amounts ex. Oxygen Micro- Needed in small amounts ex. Selenium

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12
Q

What are the 4 classes of organic compounds?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids/Fats
  • Proteins/amino acids
  • Nucleic
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13
Q

What are the indications for Glucose, starch, fat/oil, and protein?

A 
Benedict solution (glucose)- turns from blue to orange
Iodine solution (starches)- turns from yellow to blue/b;ack
Fat/Oils- leave a spot on a brown paper bag that light can pass through
Biuret solution (protein)- turns from blue to purple
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14
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Does not require a plant to use energy.

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15
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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16
Q

What is osmosis?

A

When water moves from an area with a high concentration of water to low.

17
Q

What is active transport?

A

Plants require energy to move nutrients from an area of low concentration to high.

18
Q

What is Hydrolysis?

A

The reaction of a substance with water.

19
Q

What is a substrate?

A

Material on which an organism moves or survives on.

20
Q

What is a biological indicator?

A

Fish, plants, worms, plankton, and bacteria.

21
Q

What is an invertebrate?

A

An animal without a backbone.

22
Q

What is spring acid shock?

A

(lowers PH) When acidic deposits build up on ice and snow.

23
Q

What is a heavy metal? Give one example.

A

Metals that have a density of 5g/cm3. Ex. Mercury, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, and nickel.

24
Q

What is the PPM formula?

A

Amount of solute X
————————– —————
Amount of solvent 1 000 000

25
Q

What are scrubbers used for?

A

Reducing So2 emissions by 99%

26
Q

What is ground-level ozone?

A

Ozone is high in the atmosphere and beneficial because it protects the earth from harmful UV rays.

27
Q

What is the enhanced greenhouse effect?

A

More gases trapping more heat, increasing the earth’s temperature.

28
Q

What is a Chlorofluorocarbon?

A

Chemicals that react with UV radiation creating other chemicals that react with ozone and destroy it.

29
Q

What is groundwater?

A

Water below the surface.

30
Q

What is surface water?

A

Water collecting in a stream, ocean, river, or lake.

31
Q

What are pores?

A

Tiny spaces between soil grains.

32
Q

What is permeable?

A

Soil that is porous and not much organic material allows quick movement of groundwater.

33
Q

What is dispersion?

A

The scattering of a substance away from its source.

34
Q

What is phytoremediation?

A

Reduces the concentration of harmful chemicals in soil or groundwater.

35
Q

What is photolysis?

A

The breakdown of compounds by sunlight.

36
Q

What is biomagnification?

A

Increase in concentration of a chemical or element as it moves up the food chain.

37
Q

What is MSDS and what do they do?

A

Material safety data sheets. Lists the hazardous ingredients of a product, its physical and chemical characteristics.

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