Unit C Flashcards
What is the bacterial name for syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
How is syphilis transmitted?
Sexually transmitted. Also mother to fetus.
Who is at highest risk of syphilis?
Unborn babies, men who have sex with men. poor urban residents and drug addicted m and f prostitutes
Major symptoms of syphilis?
1: Chancre 2: Rash 3: Gummas and Neurosyphilis
Toxins produced by syphilis?
No toxins. An overactive immune response.
Prevention of syphilis?
Condoms. Don’t touch chancres. Penicillin to avoid transmission to baby.
what bacteria causes lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
how is it transmitted?
deer ticks
who is at highest risk for lyme disease?
occupational: farmers. also those who live in New England.
Major symptoms of lyme disease?
- EM rash, flu-like symptoms. 2. AV blockage, arrythmia, meningitis/facial paralysis. 3. arthiritis, joint damage, inflammation of nerves. irreversible damage.
toxins produced by lyme disease?
none. an overactive immune response.
Prevention of lyme disease?
Prevent/remove tick. vaccinate cattle and dogs. use DEET solution.
bacteria that causes leptospirosis?
Leptospira interrogans
how is it transmitted?
animal urine. transmission thru skin is uncommon, more common thru food and water.
who is at risk of lepto?
occupational: vets, farmers, ranchers, sewer workers.
symptoms of lepto?
vasculitis (sub clinical: dry cough, nausea, diahrrea). aseptic meningitis. flu like swollen glands and muscle aches.
prevention of lepto?
Vaccine for dogs and cattle, NOT humans.
bacteria that causes pseudomonas?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
transmission of pseudo?
nosocomial- esp burns unit and NICU. moist areas.
highest risk of pseudo?
cystic fibrosis sufferers, IV drug users, AIDs patients. nosocomial.
symptoms of pseudo?
pneumonia. cytotoxic and necrosis. dissolves tissue. can cause urinary tract infections, dermatitis, bone and joint infections, bacteremia.
toxins produced by pseudo?
exotoxin A (protease- dissolves protein).
prevention of pseudo?
dont use dirty needles. good hygiene in hospitals- intervene in transmission
bacteria that causes legionnaires?
Legionella pneumophilia.
transmission of legion?
water aerosol transmission.
high risk of legion?
diabetics, elderly, smokers, immunodeficient.
major symptoms of legion?
pneumonia- lungs fill w/liquid.
toxins?
overactive immune response
prevention?
HOT HOT water. steam humidifiers. clean and replace water filters and air filters regularly.
bacteria for brucellosis?
brucella
transmission?
ingesting unpasteurised dairy.handling swine meat, delivery of aborted calves.
high risk?
occupational. vets, ranchers.
symptoms?
pain, undulating fever, headache, night sweats, englarged organs, joint aches, swollen lymph nodes, malaise.
toxins?
overactive immune response
prevention?
animal vaccines- cattle and buffalo. consume pasteurised dairy.
bacteria for whooping cough?
Bordatella pertussis
transmission?
human resp tract.
high risk?
unvac and under 1
symptoms?
- cold like, runny nose, cough 2. acute violent cough. 3. 100day convalesent cough.
toxins?
tracheal cytotoxin. pertussis toxin.
prevention?
DTaP vaccine. Adacel booster
bacteria for gonorrhea?
Neisseria gonorrhea
transmission?
human to human STD
symptoms?
inflammation, pus, pain, drip from penis. in women: cryptic symptoms. suffer complications such as PID, ectopic pregnancy, sterility.
toxins?
endotoxin and enzymes: proteases and lipases.
prevention?
condoms. erythromycin drops for newborns eyes.
bacteria for meningitis?
Neisseria meningidites.
transmission?
human resp to hu resp. mainly thru saliva of transient carrier.
high risk?
immunodeficient, asplenic, diabetics, smokers, those in barracks and dorms.
symptoms?
infection of brain, meningococcemia- fever, rash, headache, stiff neck, nausea, drowsy, confusion, coma.
toxins?
lots of lipopolysaccaride. wbc makes cytokines. causes edema.
prevention?
WACY vaccine (menactra). give prophylactic antibiotics to contacts of patient who has type B.
bacteria for stomach cancers/ulcers?
Heliobacter pylori.
transmission?
hu feces to hu mouth
symptoms?
pain, bloody diarrhea.
toxins?
vac A protein, cag A proten, urease.
bacteria for gastroenteritis?
Campylobacter jejuni.
transmission?
raw/undercooked poultry. hu/animal feces to animal mouth.
high risk?
young esp under 5. immunodeficient. preg women.
symptoms?
bacterial diarrhea. watery/sticky/bloody. abdominal pain, fever.
toxin?
enterotoxin.
prevention?
cook chicken/poultry thoroughly. good sanitation. refrigerate meat. improve food safety regulations.
bacteria for cholera?
Vibrio cholerae
transmission?
hu feces to hu mouth. thru sewage, e.g.
high risk?
those not immune to prev strains, babies
symptoms?
severe diarrhea. can die from massive dehydration, no fever.
toxin?
non-invasive enterotoxin.
prevention?
drink clean water. traveler- take 2 oral vaccines.
what diseases are caused by enterobacteriaceae?
e coli, citrobacter, klebsiella, HUS
transmission?
hu/animal feces to hu mouth.
high risk?
under 5s, elderly, immunodeficient.
symtoms?
e coli can cause cystisis in urinary tract. ETEC can cause traveller’s diarrhea. EHEC can lead to HUS.
what does HUS stand for?
hemolytic uremic syndrome
toxins?
exotoxins. ETEC: 2 enterotoxins.
prevention?
hand-washing. intervene in transmission: no undercooked meat for children. give hay to animals 5 days before slaughter.
what bacteria causes shigellosis?
shigella
transmission?
hu feces to hu mouth. 4 f’s
high risk?
children
symptoms?
cells make cytokines. lots of inflammation and puc. abcsesses from scar tissue. digestive issues, cramps. kids: convulsions.
toxins?
cytotoxin kills and invades neighboring cells. rarely goes into bloodstream
prevention?
intervene in transmission.
bacteria that causes HUS?
S. dysenteriae.
transmission?
hu feces to hu mouth. invasive.
symptoms?
same as EHEC: kidneys, intestines, brain. also blood, pus, mucus in stools.
toxins?
2 shiga toxins and endotoxin.
prevention?
good sanitation- usually transmitted through hands.
what bacteria causes enteriditis and poona?
Salmonella enterica
transmission?
animal feces to hu mouth.
high risk?
elderly, young, immunodeficient.
symptoms?
moderate diahrrea and or bleeding, nausea, vomiting, fever, stomach pain.
toxins?
endotoxin, if in blood. enterotoxin- diarrhea. other cytotoxins lyse cellls.
prevention?
wash hands. dont eat undercooked (and unpasteurised) eggs. no exotic pets around small children.
bacteria for typhoid fever?
Salmonella typhi.
transmission?
hu feces to hu mouth. 1% are carriers.
high risk?
kids, immunodeficient, elderly.
symptoms?
high stepwise fever. constipation in adults. headache and or intestinal bleeding, weight loss. rose spots on abdomen and trunk.
toxin?
endotoxin- LPS- toxemia.
prevention?
intervene in transmission. good sanitation
bacteria for hib?
Haemophilus influenza.
transmission?
hu resp to hu rsp.
high risk?
unvac or under 5. asplenic, diabetics, those w/cancer.
symptoms?
otitis media. pneumonia following flu. meningitis.
toxins?
endotoxin. polysaccaride capsule allows it to evade immune system.
prevention?
HIB vaccine.
