unit c

Question 1

What are geological processes?

Answer 1

A process that could shape the earth’s surface

Question 2

Identify a geological process that can happen over a short period of time.

Answer 2

erosion & deposition

Question 3

Identify a geological process that can happen over a long period of time.

Answer 3

rock cycle

Question 4

What is continental drift?

Answer 4

The slow process of the plates drifting away from each other

Question 5

Identify if earthquakes, volcanoes, or mountain formation occur at the following plate boundaries: transform, convergent, divergent

Answer 5

Earthquakes happen at any plate boundary. Mountains happen at convergent and so do volcanoes

Question 6

What does the theory of plate tectonics state

Answer 6

That the plates were once connected and spread apart over millions of years.

Question 7

Explain how and where lithosphere is formed and destroyed.

Answer 7

It is formed and destroyed at plate boundaries. Sometimes it goes under the surface and melts (destroyed) and it forms from cooling magma going up to the surface

Question 8

What evidence do we have that supports the theory of plate tectonics?

Answer 8

All of the continents fit together like a puzzle piece and that there were animals and mountains in those areas that are now separated.

Question 9

Describe the rock cycle. How / where are rocks formed? What are the types of rocks? What rocks form at subduction zones? HINT: Refer to illustration on page 89

Answer 9

There are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock types.
How most rocks are formed starts like this: magma comes up to the surface and cools into igneous rock. Erosion eventually turns that rock into sediments. The sediments pile up and harden into sedimentary rock. That sedimentary rock if under extreme heat and pressure turns into metamorphic rock and if metamorphic rock melts, it turns back into magma.
(metamorphic tends to form in subduction zones)

Question 10

What is subduction? Describe what happens to the lithosphere. At what plate boundary does this occur?

Answer 10

Subduction is when 1 plate gets pushed under another one. The lithosphere ends up going down into the magma under the surface and melts sometimes. This happens and convergent plate boundaries.

Question 11

Explain the difference between divergent, convergent, transform plate boundaries. Describe plate movement for each one.

Answer 11

Divergent is where the plates move away from each other and new lithosphere forms. Convergent is where the plates move towards each other and cause subduction and metamorphic rock to form.
And transform is where the plates slide past each other and cause some earthquakes.

Question 12

Where do earthquakes occur? What are some natural hazards associated with earthquakes?

Answer 12

Earthquakes occur near / at plate boundaries. A natural hazard that is very likely to occur in underwater earthquakes is a tsunami

Question 13

What are some natural hazards associated with volcanoes?

Answer 13

Earthquakes, landslides

Question 14

What is the Ring of Fire? What is so significant about this area?

Answer 14

It is an area around the coast of continents that contain a large mass of volcanoes. It is significant because it has a lot of volcanoes and it has 75%+ all of the volcanoes in the world and because eruptions happen here very often

Question 15

What two forces drive plate motion?

Answer 15

convection and gravity

Question 16

What is convection? Describe how this occurs and how it drives plate motion.

Answer 16

Convection is the rising of hot and the falling of cold. It affects plate motion because hot magma rises and cools by the time it gets up to the surface so it sinks back down pushing the plates

Question 17

What is mid-ocean range? Where does this occur?

Answer 17

It is a place where new ocean floor is made and it happens at divergent plate boundaries

Question 18

What is a trench? where does it occur?

Answer 18

A deep narrow depression on the seafloor. Tends to occur in convergent plate boundaries

Question 19

How does technology, such as GPS, seismometers, and computer models, help us learn about Earth?

Answer 19

It helps us learn about earth because it helps show the movement. If you place 1 down 100 miles away from each other and wait a lot of years you would come back to see it be 100.1 miles away and it helps us tell what is happening with earth and learn how it moves

Question 20

Where are aquifers found?

Answer 20

Underground in weak rock such as limestone

Question 21

What is a landslide? What causes landslides?

Answer 21

A landslide is the collapse of a giant piece of land that slides down and causes even more destruction. It can be caused by human changes or erosion and heavy rain.

Question 22

D Earthquake:

Answer 22

A sudden release of energy in earth’s interior, which can cause shaking at the surface

Question 23

D Geological Time

Answer 23

The time periods of thousands, millions, and billions of years.

Question 24

D Lithospheric Plate

Answer 24

Sections of Earth’s lithosphere

Question 25

D Mid-ocean ridge

Answer 25

A large underwater volcanic chain

Question 26

D Natural Hazards

Answer 26

A naturally occurring event that may negatively affect the people and the environment.

Question 27

D Natural resourse

Answer 27

A naturally occurring resource that has not been made artificially by humans.

Question 28

D Plate boundary

Answer 28

Where 2 or more of earth’s lithospheric plates meet

Question 29

D Plate Tectonics

Answer 29

The theory that the earth’s lithospheric plates are in constant motion

Question 30

D Rock cycle

Answer 30

The process that describes how one type of rock becomes another

Question 31

D Trench

Answer 31

A deep narrow depression on the seafloor

Question 32

D Volcano

Answer 32

An opening in earth’s surface through which lava, gas, and ash escape from the magma underground