Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 5 bio test > Unit bio test > Flashcards

Unit bio test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The basic structural and functional units of life

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Contain a nucleus and other organelles which are bound by a membrane

A

Eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An organelle that contains DNA and proteins

A

True nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cells with free floating proteins and DNA

A

Prokaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Loose bundle of DNA found in prokaryotes

A

Nucleoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A scientific took that magnifies small things to make them appear bigger

A

Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The basic structural and functional unit of life

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the cell theory

A
  1. All living things are made of cells
  2. Cells are the smallest unit of life
  3. Cells pass their DNA off to their offspring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Was developed and electrons and magnets to scan an imagine

A

Scanning electron microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tiny organ

A

Organelle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell

A

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out

A

Selectively permeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Has two layers of phospholipids

A

Phospholipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Embedded in the plasma membrane which help move substances and waste into and out of the cell

A

Transport proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The semi fluid material inside the plasma membrane that contains the organelles

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A frame work for the cells that holds the organelles together within the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The organelles that produce protein

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The area within the nucleus that produces protein

A

Nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A membrane system that serves to synthesize proteins and lipids

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Has ribosomes, makes protein

A

Rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Does not have ribosomes and makes lipids

A

Smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acts like a post office and is a flattened stack of membranes that packages proteins into tinier sacs called vesicles

A

Golgi body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Small sac that acts like a mailman, it carriers proteins and lipids out of the cell

A

Vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vesicle that acts like recycler, it breaks down old organelles and proteins then releases the material to be re made

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Small microtubules that help the cells divide when a cell undergoes mitosis

A

Centrioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The powerhouse of the cell, it breaks down the sugars into energy

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Plant cells that take in sunlight to produce chemical energy called photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Thick, ridgid structure around the plants cells membrane that protects the cell

A

Cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Found in both plants and animals, but in plants the organelle is swollen for storing water, enzymes, and food

A

Vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Short hair like structure that provides motion for cells

A

Cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Longer and less numerous than cilia, but serve the same purpose, they help the cell move

A

Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cells with free floating proteins and DNA

A

Prokaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

A tail like structure for movement

A

Flagellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A ridging structure of carbohydrate that form a protective boarder

A

Cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

A gel like fluid which holds the cell together

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Genetic material

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Structures that produce proteins

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

A barrier surrounding the cell made of lipids

A

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Small circular rings of DNA used to replicate and store prokaryotes information

A

Plasmids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Have the purpose of addherring the bacteria to surfaces to keep them in place

A

Capsules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Made of 70% water, dissolved sugars, fats, amino acids, and minerals

A

Cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Made of water

A

Agueous solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Smallest functional and structural units of life, being composed of mini organs which we call organelles

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Groups of cells that join together to form complex shapes and fulfil the same purpose

A

Tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Made of different tissues, but the tissues join together to perform more complex tasks

A

Organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Collaboration of multiple organs with different functions that work together to perform larger tasks

A

Organ system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Anything that meets the 7 characteristics of life

A

Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Organisms that form due to the symbiotic relationship between algae

A

Lichens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What jobs do the tissues have

A

Muscle-moves
Connective-connects tissues
Nervous-sends signals
Epithelial-protects organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The movement of materials into and out of the cell

A

Cellular transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Selectively permeable, which means it allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out

A

Plasma membrane

52
Q

Has two layers of phospholipids

A

Phospholipid bilayer

53
Q

The phospholipid bilayer structure is made of what

A

Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails

54
Q

Water loving

A

Hydrophilic

55
Q

Water fearing

A

Hydrophobic

56
Q

Difference in amount of molecules on either side of the cell, molecules naturally want to move down the what

A

Concentration gradient

57
Q

When the amount of particles that enter and exit the cell are equal

A

Equilibrium

58
Q

Material move down the concentration gradient

A

Passive transport

59
Q

Material move against the concentration gradient

A

Active transport

60
Q

Movement of particles across the plasm membrane without the use or energy

A

Passive transport

61
Q

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across the membrane

A

Diffusion

62
Q

Transport protein moves a molecule across the plasma membrane without the use of energy

A

Facilitated diffusion

63
Q

Passive diffusion of water across a membrane

A

Osmosis

64
Q

Equal amounts of salt both inside and outside of the cell, water will move equally into and out of the cell

A

Isotonic solution

65
Q

More salts outside of the cell than inside causing the water to exit the cell

A

Hypertonic solution

66
Q

There is more salt inside of the cell, as water rushes into the cell, the cell begins to swell and it eventually pops

A

Hypotonic solution

67
Q

Transport proteins use energy to move molecules through the cell membrane

A

Active transport

68
Q

Move molecules through the membrane

A

Transport proteins

69
Q

When the cell envelopes molecules, transferring them to the inside of the cell

A

Endocytosis

70
Q

The cell releases molecules from inside the cell to the outside, this process uses vesicles

A

Exosytosis

71
Q

Known as cell drinking because the cell engulfs water and absorbs it into the cell

A

Pinocytosis

72
Q

Engulfing and consumption of other cells

A

Phagocytosis

73
Q

What kind of molecules do you want to move for the cell

A

Unhealthy

74
Q

Plant cells are able to capture sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water in order to create sugars

A

Photosynthesis

75
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur

A

Chloroplast

76
Q

Process by which sugars are converted to chemical energy in the mitochondria

A

Cellular respiration

77
Q

An energy storage molecule which acts like a currency for the cell

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

78
Q

Process by which a cell takes in chemicals, without the use of oxygen, and with heat in order to synthisize sugar

A

Chemosynthesis

79
Q

Process by which cells get energy from sugars without oxygen

A

Fermentation

80
Q

Steps of photosynthesis

A

1.light excites electrons
2.electrons produce NAD+ which is a energy storage molecule
3. NAD+ gets converted to ATP
4.ATP is used to make glucose which is what we eat

81
Q

Plant cells are able to capture sunlight, carbon dioxide, and waters in order to create sugars

A

Photosynthesis

82
Q

Plant cells are able to capture sunlight, carbon dioxide, and waters in order to create sugars

A

Photosynthesis

83
Q

The equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration

A
84
Q

What do chloroplasts contain which absorbs specific wavelength of light

A

Chlorophyll

85
Q

Acts like a mouth which open and close to release liquids and gases

A

Stomata

86
Q

Process by which a cell takes in glucose and oxygen to create energy using a mitochondria

A

Cellular respiration

87
Q

The cells spends two atp in order break sugars down into smaller pieces in order to move them into the mitochondria

A

Glycolysis

88
Q

Continuous loop of converting chemicals into other molecules to fuel a production of energy storage molecules like NAD+

A

Kerbs cycle

89
Q

Series of events where molecules pass electrons along to create more ATP

A

Electron transport chain (produces 32 ATP)

90
Q

The electron transport chain, occurs within the folds of the membrane

A

Cristae

91
Q

What is the net total of cellular respiration

A

36

92
Q

-2:break down glucose into smaller pieces
+4:glycolysis
+2:Kerbs cycle
+32:electron transport chain

A
93
Q

The first phase of the cell cycle and is the phase that 90% of your cells are now

A

Interphase

94
Q

The cell grows in size creating more organelles, the cell synthesizes more DNA, the cell groups like DNA together

A

Interphase

95
Q

Duplicate the amount of organelles it has, grow in size so that it can split equally, prepare DNA for replication

A

G1

96
Q

The cell replicates its DNA

A

S phase

97
Q

Makes final preparations like ensuring the cell has all of the necessary organelles, synthesizes more proteins to aid in division

A

G2 phase

98
Q

The division of the nucleus into two seperate nuclei

A

Mitosis

99
Q

What is the final stage of the cell cycle

A

Cytokinesis

100
Q

The cell pinches in the middle, separating the cell into two daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

101
Q

As a prokaryote will split from one cell to another

A

Binary fission

102
Q

The first cell of new life

A

Zygote

103
Q

The nucleus divides into two identical nuclei

A

Mitosis

104
Q

When undergoing mitosis the cell undergoes what four major stages

A

1.prophase
2.metaphase
3.anaphase
4.telophase

105
Q

The longest phase of mitosis

A

Prophase

106
Q

During prophase

A

The nuclear membrane disintegrates, the nucleolus disappears, DNA begins to condense into chromosomes, spindles begin to form at the poles of the cell

107
Q

Condensed DNA and proteins

A

Chromosomes

108
Q

Point where the chromosomes attach

A

Centromere

109
Q

Chromosomes align along the center of the cell, spindle fibers attach to the centromers of the chromosomes

A

Metaphase

110
Q

Spindle fibers shorten tearing the pairs of chromosomes apart into seperate groups of 46

A

Anaphase

111
Q

Chromosomes reach opposite sides of the cell, nucleus and nucleolus start to reform, chromosomes

A

Telophase

112
Q

Cell with the ability to become any type of cell within the body

A

Stem cell

113
Q

Process by which cells divide in order to reduce the number of chromosomes

A

Meiosis

114
Q

Sex cells, in humans there is a sperm cell and an egg cell

A

Gametes

115
Q

These cells have half the number of chromosomes than normal

A

Haploid

116
Q

Will line up together in order to be separated again

A

Homologous chromosomes

117
Q

Homologous like chromosomes exchange information by crossing over some genes, nuclear envelope breaks down, spindles form

A

Prophase 1

118
Q

Homologous chromosomes line up at the equator, spindle fibers attach to the centromers of the chromosome

A

Metaphase 1

119
Q

Homologous chromosomes seperate and move to opposite ends of the cell

A

Anaphase 1

120
Q

The spindles break down, the chromosomes uncoil and form two nuclei, the cell divides

A

Telophase 1

121
Q

Chromosomes condense, spindles form in each of the new cells

A

Prophase 2

122
Q

Centromeres of chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, spindles attach to centromeres

A

Metaphase 2

123
Q

Centromeres split, sister chromatids sperate and move to opposite poles

A

Anaphase 2

124
Q

Four nuclei form around chromosomes, spindles break down, cells divide

A

Telophase 2

125
Q

A zygote is a what cell, that contains the normal amount of chromosomes, Zn

A

Diploid cell

Unit 5 bio test (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions