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world history > Unit: Beginnings - 600 BCE > Flashcards

Unit: Beginnings - 600 BCE Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatomically modern human beings have been on the world for?

A

Anatomically modern human beings have been on the world for 200,000 yrs

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2
Q

How long has Earth been around?

A

Earth has been around for 4 million years

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3
Q

How long has writing been around?

A

Writing has been around for 4,000 years

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4
Q

How long has agriculture been around for?

A

Agriculture has been around for 10,000-15,000 years

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5
Q

What is the Rosetta Stone

A

lets you understand many type of old writing like hieroglyphics

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6
Q

What is Radiocarbon dating?

A

a method that provides objective age estimates for carbon-based materials that originated from living organisms. 50,000 years

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7
Q

What is Potassium Argon dating?

A

Potassium Argon dating helps you find age as far back as 4,500,000 years.

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8
Q

Where did homo sapians start?

A

North Africa

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9
Q

What is Bipedalism?

A

ability to walk upright on two legs

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10
Q

What is the Aridity hypothesis?

A

The Aridity hypothesis is when early homids were more suited to dry climates & evolved as the Africa’s dry savannah regions expanded

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11
Q

What is the Savannah hypothesis?

A

The Savannah hypothesis is the early tree creatures were pushed out of trees due to environmental change, forcing homo sapians to use two legs instead of climbing

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12
Q

Why did humans migrate from Africa?

A

humans migrated from Africa due to depletions of resources like food

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13
Q

Where in Africa did the homo sapians start?

A

Homo sapians originated in Ethiopia

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14
Q

What did advantages did homo sapians have that helped them survive?

A

Homo sapians had Fire, tools and language

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15
Q

Why was fire essential to the early people?

A

Fire was essential bc

  1. fire helps you get more out of less
  2. fire help you kill parasites
  3. fire keeps you warm and safe
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16
Q

Paleolithic

A

The Paleolithic era was when foraging, hunting & fishing - primary means of food
(old stone age)

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17
Q

sociocultural evolution

A

Sociocultural evolution is the ways in which early human societies created culture

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18
Q

What did society look like in the Paleolithic era?

A

Society looked like…

hunter-forager bands of 20-50 individuals
limited to what the environment provides
Resources are LIMITED, so constant MOVEMENT was necessary

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19
Q

microlith?

A

Microlith is a small stone

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20
Q

Composite

A

Composite is 2 or more materials to connect (like glue or string that helps connect stone and wood)
stone + string(composite) + wood = spear

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21
Q

Sickle?

A

a sickle cuts grain

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22
Q

mortar and pestle?

A

A mortar and pestle grinds food, spices

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23
Q

Who are the Homo erectus?

A

The homo Erectus are the first to control fire and migrate to new regions

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24
Q

What are homo sapians?

A

Homo sapians are different/better because they can understand complex spoken language

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25
Q

What is the cave Jebel Irhoud?

A

The Cave Jebel Irhoud is evidence for North Africa instead of east Africa like previously thought

26
Q

How did people travel across the world in the Paleolithic era?

A

People traveled in small group that could move quickly and easily

27
Q

How much did the population change after agriculture?

A

from 10 million to 250 million

28
Q

What is Surplus agriculture?

A

Surplus agriculture is food that didn’t go to farmers and instead to the society

29
Q

What are city states?

A

City states are self governing urban centers and agriculture

30
Q

why did agriculture rise?

A

Agriculture rose because of migration and adaption due to environmental change

31
Q

where did agriculture begin?

A

Agriculture began near rivers

32
Q

Mesopotamia

A

mesopotamia

  1. cradle of civilization
  2. iran
  3. sumerians
  4. 400 BCE
33
Q

When was the wheel created?

A

The wheel was created 2000 BCE

34
Q

Sumerian cuneiform writing

A

Sumerian cuneiform writing is one of the first written scripts, and it influenced writing in Mesopotamia for 2 millennia

35
Q

What is a ziggurat?

A

A ziggurat is a place to worship gods

36
Q

What is the code of Hammurabi?

A

Hammurabi’s Code was a written legal code established by the Babylonian King.
The punishments in the code were adjusted depending on the status of the perpetrator of the victims.

37
Q

What is the egyptian writing system?

A

The Egyptian writing system in hieroglyphics

38
Q

What is so important about the Nile river flooding

A

The Egyptians set up their seasons around the flooding.

seasons

  1. flooding/induational
  2. growth
  3. harvest
39
Q

What are Egyptian elites?

A

Egyptian elites are those who were wealthy and powerful

40
Q

What did the Hittite Empire develop?

A

The Hittite Empire developed iron and chariots

41
Q

What happened during the Battle of Kadesh?

A

Both sides(Hittite empire & Egyptians) believed they won, the first peace treaty was created

42
Q

Where was the Indus Valley(Harappan) ancient civilization?

A

The Indus Valley civilization was in northeast Pakistan, Afghanistan, India

43
Q

What did the Indus civilization innovate?

A

The Indus Valley civilization innovated standardized weights & measures, seal carving, & metallurgy with copper, bronze, lead & tin.

44
Q

What are citadels?

A

Citadels were central areas that were heavily fortified.

45
Q

What was Mohenjo-Daros?

A

Mohenjo-Daros was one of the most sophisticated cities of this period, with advanced engineering & urban planning

46
Q

What are the Vedas?

A

The Vedas are written in Sanskrit

47
Q

What is special of the rigveda?

A

The rigveda is the oldest veda

48
Q

What are varnas?

A

Varnas

  • Brahims: priests, scholars & teachers
  • Kshatriyas: Kings, warriors
  • Vaishyas: farmers, merchants, artisans
  • Shundras: laborers
49
Q

How did the Shang Dynasty use oracle bones?

A

The Shang Dynasty used oracle bones to tell the future

50
Q

What is loess (Shang Dynasty)

A

Loess is fertile sediment that allowed people to grow a surplus of food

51
Q

What were chariots used for in the Shang Dynasty?

A

Chariots were used for military

52
Q

Why did the Shang Dynasty use grave goods?

A

Grave goods were used to show honor to the deceased person

53
Q

How was urban planning made possible in the Shang Dynasty

A

Urban Planning was made possible by a centralized government

54
Q

In the Shang Dynasty what were oracles used for?

A

Oracles were used for writing, ceremonial & ritual purposes

55
Q

How did people come to the Americas

A

People arrived in America through the Bering Strait after the last glaciation period

56
Q

What is the Quipus knot?

A

The Quipus knot is used as a way of writing and record keeping (The Caral)

57
Q

Why was the Olmec civilization forced to leave their homeland?

A

The Olmec civilization left because of environmental changes, such as silting rivers and volcanic activity

58
Q

Where does evidence of the Olmec civilization?

A

The Olmec civilization’s evidence came from archaeological sources

59
Q

What is a Shaman?

A

The Shaman was a person who could communicate with the spiritual world

60
Q

What was the Chavin civilization?

A

The Chavin civilization aka the Norte Civilization was a complex society meaning that the people had interconnected roles. Artifacts that were found are Flints, and cornettes

61
Q

The temple at the Charin de Hunter

A

The Temple at the Charin de Hunter used advanced construction & drainage techniques

world history (2 decks)

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