Unit B; Kera

Question 1

What are ecotones?

Answer 1

The area that is an “in between” stage bordering ecosystems.

Question 2

What are Canada’s 4 Terrestrial biomes?

Answer 2

1. Tundra
2. Taiga
3. Temperate Deciduous
4. Grasslands

Question 3

What are 4 factors that affect a terrestrial ecosystem?

Answer 3

1. Soil
2. Temperature
3. Available Water
4. Sunlight

Question 4

Out of the following forest-clearing practices, which one is best for the environment and why?

• slash and burn
• clear cutting
• selective cutting

Answer 4

Selective cutting, because it doesn’t remove an entire plot of forest like slash and burn would. Nor does it clear an ecosystem like clear cutting.

Question 5

What is a biome?

Answer 5

A large geographic region with specific characteristics.

Question 6

What are the two types of aquatic biomes?

Answer 6

1. Fresh water

2. Marine or Salt water

Question 7

What are the main types of trees included in the Taiga biome?

Answer 7

Coniferous trees

Question 8

What are the main types of trees included in the Grassland biome?

Answer 8

Deciduous trees

Question 9

List and describe the three levels of an aquatic ecosystem.

Answer 9

1. Littoral zone - allows sunlight to pass through, therefore, allowing photosynthesis and plants to grow, shallow, warm.
2. Limnetic zone - Allows light penetration; not enough to allow photosynthesis, deep and colder than littoral.
3. Profundal zone - on light penetrates these waters,no photosynthesis, very deep and colder than both the littoral and limnetic zones. Home to larger animals.

Question 10

Between the Taiga and grassland biome, which one has better soil and why?

Answer 10

The grassland biome, because there are more plants and organic matter to make up the litter and top soil. it also allows for circulation and drainage, whereas the Taiga biome has more acidic and not as easily-drained soils.

Question 11

Compare a coniferous forest to a deciduous forest. Which one gets the most rain?

Answer 11

The deciduous forest.

Question 12

What are the four factors affecting aquatic ecosystems?

Answer 12

1. Chemical enviroment
2. Temperature and Sunlight
3. Water pressure
4. Seasonal variations

Question 13

What are the four factors that limit populations and communities?

Answer 13

1. Biotic Potential
2. Limiting factors
3. Carrying capacity
4. Limits of tolerance

Question 14

What is meant by a prescribed burn?

Answer 14

A controlled fire set intentionally in a designated area.

Question 15

Explain eutrophication

Answer 15

The process of decreasing the depth and diversity of organisms in a body of water over time.

Question 16

Define Binomial nomenclature

Answer 16

It is a common language, used by all scentists, to classify organisms using two words.

Question 17

What are the levels of classification?

Answer 17

• Kingdom
• Phyla
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

Question 18

What are the six kingdoms?

Answer 18

1. Eubacteria
2. Archebateria
3. Protista
4. Fungi
5. Plantae
6. Animalia

Question 19

What is Phylogeny?

Answer 19

The study of the history of evolution in species.

Question 20

Define Paleontology

Answer 20

The study of fossils.

Question 21

Describe how scientists have come to know how old a specific specimen is.

Answer 21

Radiometic dating is used to tell how old something is by studying the characteristics of the elements contained in the specimen! by calculating how much of the original radioactive material is left,the scientists can figure out from there how old it is. This process includes the predictions of a “half life” of the mother element.

Question 22

What is Biogeography?

Answer 22

Biogeography is the study of the history of how things came to be the way they are today, including the distrubution of life and land mass.

Question 23

If a species is declared endemic, what does this mean?

Answer 23

It means that that species is only found in one geographic reigon in the world. They could be dwinling populations or booming populations, however, they will only be found in one place on earth.

Question 24

There are specific “features” organisms have evolved or adapted. Name the three main ones and describe them.

Answer 24

1. Homologous - features that have a similar origins and structures, but are used for different things.
2. Analogous - Features that have different origins, but similar structures and functions.
3. Vestigial - Features that have changed almost completly or are no longer needed.

Question 25

Define Artificial selection.

Answer 25

it is a process where certain traits or preffered genes are wished for in the controlled breeding of two organisms. the offspring most likely will inherit most to al of the preferred traits and sooner or later, the whole species will aquire them.

Question 26

Describe some points Lamarck had in his theory.

Answer 26

Aquired traits could be passed on. spontaneous generation. realized that the enviroment played a part in the adaptaions developed by species.

Question 27

Describe the relationship towards DNA, Genes and Chromosomes.

Answer 27

Chromosomes are made up of many gene particals, which are in turn made of DNA strands. These specimens are found in the nucleus of the cell.

Question 28

What is a mutation?

Answer 28

A mutation is a change to the DNA patterns.

Question 29

What are the three types of mutations?

Answer 29

1. Neutral - does’nt harm nor benefit organism
2. Harmfull - change harming the organism’s health.
3. Benifitial - Change benefitting the organisms health or preformance.

Question 30

What is Speciation?

Answer 30

The creation of new species. This can happen naturally or by the assistance of human’s hand.