Unit B Kendra and Hope

Question 1

What is an ecotone

Answer 1

Transition areas; contains species from board earring ecosystems. Contains a greater diversity

Question 2

What is an ecological niche.?

Answer 2

An organisms goal in an ecosystem. Example place in the food web, habitat, and breeding area

Question 3

What is muskeg

Answer 3

Ground that is swampy or boggy when wet and has a layer of permafrost

Question 4

Name the three zones of a lake

Answer 4

Littoral zone, limnetic zone, profundal zone

Question 5

What are the factors affecting terrestrial ecosystems

Answer 5

Soil, available water, temperature, and sunlight

Question 6

What are the factors affecting aquatic ecosystems

Answer 6

Chemical environment, temperature and sunlight, water pressure, and seasonal variations

Question 7

What are the limits on populations and communities in ecosystems

Answer 7

Biotic potential, limiting factors, carrying capacity, and limits of tolerance

Question 8

What are the four types of biotic potential

Answer 8

Birth potential, capacity for survival, breeding frequency, length of productive life

Question 9

What is carrying capacity

Answer 9

Maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support

Question 10

What are the limits of tolerance

Answer 10

Law of minimum, law of tolerance, density independent factors, density dependent factors

Question 11

What are three forestry practices

Answer 11

Slash and burn, clear cutting, and selective cutting

Question 12

What is oligotrophic

Answer 12

Deep, cold lakes that have low nutrient levels

Question 13

What is eutrophic

Answer 13

Shallow, warm lakes that have an excellent supply of nutrients

Question 14

What are five different types of water pollution

Answer 14

Organic solid waste(sewage), disease causing organisms(from sewage), inorganic solids and dissolved minerals (fertilizers), thermal energy (electricity generating plants) , organic compounds (oil from roads)

Question 15

What are three indicators of water quality

Answer 15

Bacteria, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand

Question 16

What is phylogeny

Answer 16

The history of the evolution of a species or group of organisms.

Question 17

What are 6 examples of indirect evidence for evolution

Answer 17

Fossil record, geographic distribution of species, comparative anatomy and embryology, behaviour, plant and animal breeding, biochemistry and genetics

Question 18

what is radioactive dating

Answer 18

a technique used to determine the age of a rock or fossil

Question 19

what is biogeography

Answer 19

the study of the geographic distribution of the life on earth

Question 20

what is an endemic

Answer 20

a term used to describe a species that is found in one location only

Question 21

what are three examples that are evidence from anatomy that support evolution

Answer 21

1. homologous features(features with similar structures but different functions) and analogous features (same structures with different functions but different evolutionary origin)
2. embryonic development (human embryos have a tail and gill slits, similar to embryos in chicken and fish)
3. vestigial features (may have once served a useful function in an ancient ancestor)

Question 22

what six main scientists made contributions to the theory of evolution and what was their contribution

Answer 22

Buffon- species could change overtime and these changes could lead to new species
Linnaeus- the few species at creation had become hybrids, which had then formed new species
Erasmus Darwin- all life developed from a single source
Lamark- pass on acquired traits, if traits were unused then they were lost, thought that organisms could become more complex if they wanted
Wallace- reached the same conclusions as Darwin
Charles Darwin- unused traits are still passed on, adaptation triggered by environment, only inherited traits are passed on

Question 23

what are the three types of mutations

Answer 23

1. loss of entire section of DNA
2. duplication of an entire section of DNA
3. changes to DNA sequence

Question 24

what are the three effects of mutations

Answer 24

1. neutral mutation- no effect on organism
2. harmful mutation- reduces an organisms reproductive success
3. beneficial mutation- enhances an organisms reproductive success

Question 25

what are asexual and sexual reproduction

Answer 25

asexual- no variation, offspring receive an identical copy of parent’s DNA
sexual- great amount of inherited variability, assortment of genes inherited from each parent is randomly determined

Question 26

what is speciation

Answer 26

the formation of a new species

Question 27

what is allopatric speciation and what are its three steps

Answer 27

speciation by reproductive isolation

1. species is separated by a physical barrier
2. populations evolve independently
3. physical/behavioural differences between the two groups become so different that they would not be able to breed with the original species

Question 28

what is the theory of gradualism

Answer 28

the idea that speciation takes place slowly

Question 29

what is the theory of punctuated equilibrium

Answer 29

the idea that species will evolve rapidly followed by a period of little or no change

Question 30

what is divergent evolution

Answer 30

species evolve rapidly into many different species