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Biology 20-1 > Unit B - Ecosystems and Population Change > Flashcards

Unit B - Ecosystems and Population Change Flashcards

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1
Q

The organisms place in an ecosystem. Includes what it eats, its habitat, breeding area and active time of day.

A

Ecological Niche

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2
Q

Four levels of the terrestrial ecosystem

A
  • canopy
  • sub-canopy/understory
  • forest floor
  • soil
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3
Q

Upper layer of water

enough light for photosynthesis

A

Photic Zone

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4
Q

Lower layer of water…

no light, energy comes from sinking detritus

A

Aphotic Zone

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5
Q

Four main layers of a lake…

A
  1. littoral - close to shore
  2. limnetic - light zone in center
  3. profundal - no light for photosynthesis
  4. Benthic - bottom - contains detritus
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6
Q

The transition area between ecosystems is called…

A

Ecotone

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7
Q

Four levels of soil…

A
  1. litter - partially decomposed matter
  2. top-soil - minerals and nutrients (humus)
  3. subsoil - rock particles
  4. bedrock - end of soil
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8
Q

When does lake turnover occur?

A

Spring and Fall

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9
Q

The maximum number of offspring that a species could produce with unlimited resources

A

Biotic Potential

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10
Q

Five factors that regulate Biotic Potential…

A
  1. Birth potential (number of offspring per birth)
  2. Capacity for survival (how many offspring will
    survive)
  3. Breeding frequency (how often they can
    reproduce)
  4. Length of reproductive life (how long they can
    breed for in their lifetime)
  5. Carrying capacity (the number of individuals of the
    same species an ecosystem can support)
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11
Q

3 examples of abiotic-limiting factors…

A
  • light
  • temperature
  • water
  • chemical environment
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12
Q

3 examples of biotic-limiting factors…

A
  • food
  • predators
  • diseases
  • parasites
  • competition
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13
Q

Population Density

A

the number of individuals of the same species in a specific area

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14
Q

Density-independent

A

limiting factors that are not affected by population density (Ex. flood)

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15
Q

Density-dependant

A

limiting factors that are affected by population density (Ex. competition, disease, lack of food)

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16
Q

Law of Minimum

A

growth only occurs at the rate permitted by the most limiting factor

17
Q

Law of Tolerance

A

An organism can tolerate a certain range of an abiotic factor (Ex. temperature, pH, precipitation)

18
Q

Taxonamy

A

the science of categorizing or classification of organisms

19
Q

The identification, naming and classification of species

A

Binomial Nomenclature

20
Q

How do you write binomial nomenclature?

A

Genus species

21
Q

3 Domains…

A
  1. Archaeans (occupy extreme environments)
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukaryotes
22
Q

6 main categories of scientific evidence…

A
  1. Fossil
  2. Biogeographical
  3. Anatomical
  4. Biochemical
  5. Artificial Selection
  6. Embryological
23
Q

Aristotle’s Theory

A

All living things are “fixed” and exist exactly as they did when earth was created.

24
Q

Darwin’s Theory

A

Natural Selection

25
Q

Darwin’s book

A

The Origin of Species

26
Q

Lamarck’s Theory

A

Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

- there is a “force” causing change

27
Q

What did Darwin not know?

A
  • the changes are caused by genes
  • what causes variation?
    • sexual reproduction
    • meiosis
    • mutations
28
Q

One species evolves into a different species

A

Transformation

29
Q

One species evolves into two or more species

A

Divergence

30
Q

3 stages of Allopatric Speciation

A
  1. Population is separated by a physical barrier
  2. Natural selection occurs on the 2 groups
    independently
  3. In time, changes become so large they aren’t
    sexually compatible (creating two different
    species)
31
Q

Analogous Structures

A

Biological structures having similar or corresponding functions but not from the same evolutionary origin

Biology 20-1 (1 decks)

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