Unit B Cells and Systems

Question 1

What is the smallest unit of life?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

What is a cell?

Answer 2

Cells are the smallest unit of life and are the the building blocks for all living things.

Question 3

What do groups of similar cells form?

Answer 3

Tissue

Question 4

What are the five levels of characteristics that form living things? Provide an example.

Answer 4

1. Respond to environment
2. Reproduce
3. Produce waste
4. Grow
5. Need energy

Question 5

What are the five levels of organiztion from smallest to largest?

Answer 5

1. Cell
2. Tissue
3. Organ
4. System
5. Organism

Question 6

Who was the first person to use the term “Cellulae”, which led to the word cell?

Answer 6

Robert Hooke

Question 7

What is a selectively permeable membrane?

Answer 7

A membrane that allows certain materials to cross into the cell.

Question 8

What is diffusion?

Answer 8

Particles spread from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Particles collide with eachother and distribute to less crowded areas.

Question 9

What is osmosis?

Answer 9

Osmossis is like diffusion but with a semipermeable membrane. Osmosis goes from low concentration to high.

Question 10

List the main parts in an animal cell:

Answer 10

Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Vacuoles, and the cell membrane

Question 11

List the main parts in a plant cell:

Answer 11

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, vacules, and chloroplast.

Question 12

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 12

The cell wall is a thicker layer on the outside of the cell. It supports the cell, is very thick, and only found in plants.

Question 13

What is the function of chloroplast?

Answer 13

Chloroplast is the part of the cell where photosynthesis takes place. It absorbs light from the sun.

Question 14

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 14

The cell membrane acts as the “skin” of the cell. It covers the cell, holds it together, protects the cell, acts as a barrier, and controls what enters and exists the cell.

Question 15

What is the main function of cytoplasm?

Answer 15

The cytoplasm acts as the “lungs and blood” of the cell. It distributes oxygen and food around the cell.

Question 16

What is the function of the vacuoles?

Answer 16

The vacuoles act like the “stomach” of the cell. It stores food, waste, and other materials for the cell later.

Question 17

What are the four major systems in the human body that we went over in class?

Answer 17

Circulatory, respitory, digestive, and excretory.

Question 18

The lungs are the major organ of what system?

Answer 18

Respitory

Question 19

What does the digestive system do?

Answer 19

The digestive system breaks down food and transfers nutrients to the bloood stream to feed cells.

Question 20

What are the GENERAL STEPS that happen in the digestive system?

Answer 20

The salivary glands produce saliva that break down food. The food is sent down your esophagus and is broken down by your stomach, pancreas, liver, and small intestine. You absorb nutrients through your small intestine.

Question 21

What does the respitory system do?

Answer 21

Your respitory system system helps your body absorb oxygen from the air, so it can feed the cells in your body. Your lungs also rid your body of waste gases.

Question 22

What is the correct order of food passage in the digestive system?

Answer 22

The salivary glands produce saliva that break down food. The food is sent down your esophagus and is broken down by your stomach, pancreas, liver, and small intestine. You absorb nutrients through your small intestine.

Question 23

What are the main functions of Arteries and Veins? What is the main difference?

Answer 23

Arteries cary oxygen rich blood and circulate it to cells in your body. Veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart to become oxygenated. The main difference is that Arteries cary oxygenated blood away from the heart and Veins bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Question 24

What are the main organs in the respitory system?

Answer 24

The main organs of the respiratory system include the lungs, trachea, and bronchi and avioli.

Question 25

What is the main function of red blood cells?

Answer 25

Red blood cells carrie oxygen to cells.

Question 26

What is the main function of platelets?

Answer 26

Cause blood clots at site of wound. This prevents blood loss.

Question 27

What are the GENERAL STEPS that happen in the respitory system?

Answer 27

Air enters through your nose or mouth and goes down your trachea. Oxygen enters the lungs by going through the bronchi and then a series of bronchioles that lead to the aveoli. The aveoli are serounded by capillaries that transfer oxgen into the blood. Co2 exits out of your nose or mouth.

Question 28

What is the main function of white blood cells?

Answer 28

Defend body against infection and disease.

Question 29

The heart and blood vessels are seperate organs of what system?

Answer 29

Circulatory system

Question 30

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 30

The nervous system send signals between the brain and teh rest of the body. The nervous system allows control of your body.

Question 31

What does the Excretory system do?

Answer 31

Gets rid of waste in the body. This includes peeing and pooping.

Question 32

What are 3 unhealthy habits that can lead to system dissorders?

Answer 32

Smoking, high salt diet, high sugar diet.

Question 33

What are 3 healthy habits that can help body systems?

Answer 33

Exersice, proper diet, exposure to sunlight.