Unit b aj-grace Flashcards
Chapt. 4 What is Ecology?
Ecology is the study of an ecosystem
Chapt. 4 What are Ecotones?
Transition areas: contains species from bordering ecosystems, lots of biodiversity…Basically they are the area between 2 ecosystems (pond and field)
Chapt. 4 What is an Ecological Niche?
An organism’s place in e ecosystem’s food web, habitat, and breeding areas Ex. Owl, tertiary predator, lives in trees, eats small creatures, and is nocturnal
Chapt. 4 What is a Profundal zone
Open water with no light, little oxygen , cold, bottom of lakes.
Chapt.4 What are Canada’s terrestrial biomes
Tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest , grassland
Chapt.4 What are the layers of soil, in order?
Litter: acts like a blanket, humus Topsoil: mostly humus, has some rock Subsoil: mostly rocks, has some humus Bedrock: solid rock
Chapt.5 What is Taxonomy? Who are Taxonomists?
Taxonomy= science of classifying organisms (based on relationships)
Taxonomists= Scientists of taxonomy (Caolus Linnaeus)
Chapt.5 What are the levels of Classification?
General
Kingdom
Phyla
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Specific
Chapt.5 What are the 6 kingdoms?
- Eubacteria- cyanobacteria
- Archeabacteria- Methanogens
- Protista- algea, protozoa
- Fungi- mushrooms, yeast, mold
- Plantae- mosses, trees, flowers
- Animalia- ostritch, fish, bugs, cougars
#1+2 are Monera/ single-celled oragnisms
Chapt.5 What is Phylogeny?
The history of the evolution of a species
(shown in a phylogenetic tree)
Chapt.5 What is a Dichotomous Key?
A 2-part key, used to identify living things
Chapt.5 What is Binomial Nomenclature?
Method of naming organisms using:
Genus- Latin, first word
Species- Greek,
a group of organisms that look alike and can reproduce.
Chapt.5 Indirect Evidence for Evolution is…
- Fossil Record
- Geographic Distribution
- Comparative Anatomy + Embryology
- Behaviour
- Plant + Animal Breeding
- Biochemistry + Genetics
Chapt.5 What are Paleontology and Radiometric Dating?
_Paleontology: _
The study of fossils
Radiometric Dating:
A technique used to determine the age of rocks/fossils
units called ‘Half-Life’ provide accurate geological clocks
Chapt.5 Definitions for Biogeography and Endemic
Biogeography:
the study of the geographical distribution of life on earth
Endemic:
a species that is ony found in one location
Chapt.5 What features are classified as ‘Evidence from Anatomy’?
*Homologous- similar structures but different functions
Analogous- same structures + functions, different evolutionary origin
*Vestigial- rudimentary structures with no useful function
Chapt.5 Scientists and their Evolutionary Contributions
Buffon- a species can change over time, creating a new organism
Linnaues- a few hybrids formed new species
E.Darwin- all life developed from a single source
Lamark- spontaneous generation
Wallace- natural selection and biogeography
C.Darwin- over time, inherited traits for survival become more common
Chapt.5 What are DNA, Chromosomes and Genes?
Chromosomes are strands of tightly packed DNA which is made up of codes called Genes
Chapt.5 Info Splurge (everything you can think of)
Mutation
- a change in the DNA sequence of a chromosome
- very rare and caused by chemicals, radiation or errors during DNA duplication
- 3 Types: Loss of section, Duplication of section, and Changes to sequence
- 3 Effects:
Neutral- no effect
Harmful- reduces fitness
Beneficial- increases fitness
Chapt.5 What are Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
_Asexual Reproduction: _
One parent, no variability
Sexual Reproduction:
2+ parents, LOTS of variability
Chapt.5 Speciation is…
the formation of a new species
Allopatric Speciation is speciation due to reproduction isolation (physical barrier, ex. mountain)
Chapt.5 Wat are the 2 Rates of Evolution?
Theory of Gradualism:
evolution happens slowly
Theory of Punctuate Equilibrium:
evolution happens rapidly, followed by a period of little or no change
what are two good indicators of water quaity
bacteria, dissolved oxygen
what are denisty independant factor
affects members of the population regardless of size of the population eg fire or flood
