Unit b aj-grace

Question 1

Chapt. 4 What is Ecology?

Answer 1

Ecology is the study of an ecosystem

Question 2

Chapt. 4 What are Ecotones?

Answer 2

Transition areas: contains species from bordering ecosystems, lots of biodiversity…Basically they are the area between 2 ecosystems (pond and field)

Question 3

Chapt. 4 What is an Ecological Niche?

Answer 3

An organism’s place in e ecosystem’s food web, habitat, and breeding areas Ex. Owl, tertiary predator, lives in trees, eats small creatures, and is nocturnal

Question 4

Chapt. 4 What is a Profundal zone

Answer 4

Open water with no light, little oxygen , cold, bottom of lakes.

Question 5

Chapt.4 What are Canada’s terrestrial biomes

Answer 5

Tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest , grassland

Question 6

Chapt.4 What are the layers of soil, in order?

Answer 6

Litter: acts like a blanket, humus Topsoil: mostly humus, has some rock Subsoil: mostly rocks, has some humus Bedrock: solid rock

Question 7

Chapt.5 What is Taxonomy? Who are Taxonomists?

Answer 7

Taxonomy= science of classifying organisms (based on relationships)

Taxonomists= Scientists of taxonomy (Caolus Linnaeus)

Question 8

Chapt.5 What are the levels of Classification?

Answer 8

General

Kingdom

Phyla

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Specific

Question 9

Chapt.5 What are the 6 kingdoms?

Answer 9

1. Eubacteria- cyanobacteria
2. Archeabacteria- Methanogens
3. Protista- algea, protozoa
4. Fungi- mushrooms, yeast, mold
5. Plantae- mosses, trees, flowers
6. Animalia- ostritch, fish, bugs, cougars

#1+2 are Monera/ single-celled oragnisms

Question 10

Chapt.5 What is Phylogeny?

Answer 10

The history of the evolution of a species

(shown in a phylogenetic tree)

Question 11

Chapt.5 What is a Dichotomous Key?

Answer 11

A 2-part key, used to identify living things

Question 12

Chapt.5 What is Binomial Nomenclature?

Answer 12

Method of naming organisms using:

Genus- Latin, first word

Species- Greek,

a group of organisms that look alike and can reproduce.

Question 13

Chapt.5 Indirect Evidence for Evolution is…

Answer 13

1. Fossil Record
2. Geographic Distribution
3. Comparative Anatomy + Embryology
4. Behaviour
5. Plant + Animal Breeding
6. Biochemistry + Genetics

Question 14

Chapt.5 What are Paleontology and Radiometric Dating?

Answer 14

_Paleontology: _

The study of fossils

Radiometric Dating:

A technique used to determine the age of rocks/fossils

units called ‘Half-Life’ provide accurate geological clocks

Question 15

Chapt.5 Definitions for Biogeography and Endemic

Answer 15

Biogeography:

the study of the geographical distribution of life on earth

Endemic:

a species that is ony found in one location

Question 16

Chapt.5 What features are classified as ‘Evidence from Anatomy’?

Answer 16

*Homologous- similar structures but different functions

Analogous- same structures + functions, different evolutionary origin

*Vestigial- rudimentary structures with no useful function

Question 17

Chapt.5 Scientists and their Evolutionary Contributions

Answer 17

Buffon- a species can change over time, creating a new organism

Linnaues- a few hybrids formed new species

E.Darwin- all life developed from a single source

Lamark- spontaneous generation

Wallace- natural selection and biogeography

C.Darwin- over time, inherited traits for survival become more common

Question 18

Chapt.5 What are DNA, Chromosomes and Genes?

Answer 18

Chromosomes are strands of tightly packed DNA which is made up of codes called Genes

Question 19

Chapt.5 Info Splurge (everything you can think of)

Mutation

Answer 19

• a change in the DNA sequence of a chromosome
• very rare and caused by chemicals, radiation or errors during DNA duplication
• 3 Types: Loss of section, Duplication of section, and Changes to sequence
• 3 Effects:

Neutral- no effect

Harmful- reduces fitness

Beneficial- increases fitness

Question 20

Chapt.5 What are Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

Answer 20

_Asexual Reproduction: _

One parent, no variability

Sexual Reproduction:

2+ parents, LOTS of variability

Question 21

Chapt.5 Speciation is…

Answer 21

the formation of a new species

Allopatric Speciation is speciation due to reproduction isolation (physical barrier, ex. mountain)

Question 22

Chapt.5 Wat are the 2 Rates of Evolution?

Answer 22

Theory of Gradualism:

evolution happens slowly

Theory of Punctuate Equilibrium:

evolution happens rapidly, followed by a period of little or no change

Question 23

what are two good indicators of water quaity

Answer 23

bacteria, dissolved oxygen

Question 24

what are denisty independant factor

Answer 24

affects members of the population regardless of size of the population eg fire or flood

Question 25

what is biotic potential?

Answer 25

max # of offspring a species can have before exceeding resource use.

Question 26

what is carrying capacity

Answer 26

the max amount of species or amount of a species an ecosystem can support

Question 27

what are the 3 zones of a lake ecosystem

Answer 27

littoral zone- just getting into water

limnetic zone-deeper less dense part of the water

profundal zone- least dense part of water (most deep)

Question 28

what type of plants would you find in the taiga ecosystem

Answer 28

spruce and pine trees

Question 29

where is the coldest water found in the winter in a lake ecosystem

Answer 29

near the surface at freezing tempuratures

Question 30

what is the law of the minimum

Answer 30

states that the nuitrient that is in least supply that will limit growth

Question 31

what zone out of the 3 in a lake ecosystem has the most life or amount of species (diversity )

Answer 31

littoral zone