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Bio 20 > Unit B Aisha > Flashcards

Unit B Aisha Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is palaeontology?

A

The study of fossils.

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2
Q

What are the factors affecting terrestrial ecosystem?

A

Soil, water, temperature, sunlight

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3
Q

Lamarck’s theory?

A

New species created by spontaneous generation, characteristics acquired by wanting them bad enough, acquired characteristics can be inherited

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4
Q

Characteristics of taiga ecosystems?

A

Conifers, warm moist summers, cold dry winters, sunny canopy with shady forest floor

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5
Q

Describe Radioactive Dating.

A

Radioactive dating is the technique used to determine the age of a rock or fossil

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6
Q

What is meant by “half-life”?

A

units called half lives is the amount of time it takes for half of a sample of isotope to decay and become stable.

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7
Q

What is the difference between homologous features, analogous features and vestigial features?

A

Homologous Features: features with similar structure but different functions. For example: horse limbs, pig limbs and human limbs.
Analogous Features: similar functions but different evolutionary origin. For example: bird wings and insect wings.

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8
Q

Which scientist proposed the hybrid theory?

A

Carl Linnaeus

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9
Q

What are the four nucleotide bases that compose the DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

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10
Q

What is meant by the “inheritance of acquired characteristics?

A

organisms had the ability to produce new parts to adapt to their environment. (We also know that acquired traits CANNOT be inherited)

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11
Q

Of the six kingdoms, which two are considered prokaryotic?

A

The Monera, also known as the Eubacteria and the Archaebateria.

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12
Q

List the order of the seven main “taxa”. From the most specific to the least.

A

Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species.

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13
Q

What is the best definition of a “species”?

A

A species includes organisms that are similar but mainly these organisms can reproduce and the offspring that they have can also reproduce (have viable offspring)

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14
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

the study of the history of the evolution of species and groups of organisms.

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15
Q

What pieces of evidence tell us that species have a shared ancestry?

A
  • Fossil record (direct)
  • Geographic distribution of species
  • Comparative anatomy and embryology
  • Behaviour
  • Plant and animal breeding
  • Biochemistry and genetics
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16
Q

Describe the ecological niche for a hawk and an owl.

A 
Hawks: 
-long wings
-hunt during the day 
-nest at top of taller trees
Owl:
-Short, board wings
-active at night 
-eyes excellent at detecting motion
-nest in deep cover of trees.
17
Q

What is an Ecotone?

A

contains species from bordering ecosystems- contain greater diversity.

18
Q

In order of which receives the most sunlight, list the three zones of an aquatic ecosystem.

A

Littoral- Limnetic- Profundal

19
Q

What is the definition of a biome?

A

a large geographical region with a specific climate, plants, and animals.

20
Q

What are the three factors that affect aquatic ecosystems?

A

Chemical enviroment, temperature and sunlight, and water pressure

21
Q

Rank the following ecosystems (Muskeg,taiga,deciduous forest , grassland) in descending order accorging to the amount of precipitation.

A

deciduous forest, taiga, muskeg, grassland

22
Q

What are the four layers of soil (in order from top to bottom)

A

Litter-Topsoil-Subsoil-Bedrock

23
Q

What are the factors affecting Terrestial Ecosystems?

A

Soil, Available Water, Temperature, and Sunlight

24
Q

Define biotic potential

A

Biotic potential is the maximum number of offspring that a species could produce if resources were unlimited.

25
Q

Give two examples of biotic factors that affect Limiting Factors.

A
  • Too much or too little sunlight.

- Harmful chemicals in the environment.

26
Q

Give some examples of density-independent Factors

A
  • Flood
  • Fire
  • Pesticides
  • Climate Change
  • Destruction of habitat
  • Drought
27
Q

Give some examples of density-dependent factors.

A
  • Food shortages
  • Disease
  • Introduction of an exotic species
  • Increased Predation
  • Competition for water and resources
28
Q

What is meant by “slash and burn”?

A

clearing a forest by felling tress and burning the debris.

29
Q

What is meant by “prescribed burns”?

A

a controlled fire set intentionally in a designated area.

30
Q

What are the two types of lakes?

A

Oligotrophic: deep,cold lakes that have LOW nutrient levels.
Eutrophic: shallow, warm lakes that have an EXCELLENT supply of nutrients.

Bio 20 (1 decks)

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