Unit B Flashcards
Define ionic bonds
Ionic bond is between a metal and nonmetal and they transfer atoms
-a strong electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged ions and negatively charged ions
define covalent bonds
-covalent bond is between a nonmetal and non-metal and they share Atoms
-a strong electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged nuclei and negativity charged shared pair of electrons
What is relative atomic mass
average mass of an atom…
compared to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
What is the universe made up of?
the universe is made up of energy and matter
What is energy ?
The ability to make something happen
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and
volume
What is mass? and what is it measured in
The measure of the amount of particles something contains
Measured in Newtons
What is volume? and what is it measured in?
-a measure of the amount of space something takes up
Volume is measured in cm3, L, mL
explain the 2 different forms matter occurs in:
-As an individuals particle
-As a collection of particles
What is a substance
A collection of particles that are the same
What is a mixture
A collection of particles that are not the same
what are subatomic particles
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What are ATOMS?
-can make compounds and form bonds and ions
-can share or take electrons
How do you calculate the RAM while giving the isotope and abundance
(Isotope #1 x abundance #1) + (isotope #2 x abundance #2)
DIVIDED BY 100
(DO NOT INCLUDE UNITS eg. amu)
What is the outermost shell of an atom called?
Valence shell
How are electrons in atoms arranged
-in electron shells
-each shell is a fixed distance away from the nucleus
what does subatomic mean?
smaller or less than an atom
Atoms always have an equal amount of - what?
protons and electrons
If you change the number of neutrons in an atom, what also changes?
It’s mass number
Define isotope
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Changing the amount of electrons in an Atom, Chages what?
Its net electric charge
Changing the number of protons in an Atom, changes what?
-mass
-net electric charge
-its identity
How are elements organized via atomic number?
Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number from left to right
What law does electronic structure follow?
2,8,8,18 law
Explain how bonds are formed
-forming bonds is a “exchange” of electrons between atoms
What happens to Atoms when they bond together?
-They achieve chemical stability
-end up with full valence electrons
explain metallic bonds process
-metal atom 1 approaches metal atom 2, metal atom 1 transfers its electrons to metal atom 2
-while simultaneously, metal atom 2 transfers its electrons to metal atom 1
they form no new particles and compounds
define metallic bond
a strong electrostatic force of attraction between positive charged nuclei/cations and a sea of delocalized electrons
Explain ionic bonds process
-metal approaches non-mental atom
- metal atoms transfers its electrons to nonmetal atom
-new particles or compounds are formed
Define ionic bonds
-A strong electrostatic force of attraction between positive charged ions and negative charged ions
explain a covalent bond process
nonmental atom 1 approaches nonmetal atom 2
-both nonmetals pair up their unpaired electrons
-covalent bond and new particles formed
define covalent bond
strong electrostatic force of attraction between positive charged nuclei and negative charged localized shared- pair of electrons
why was the particle model developed and what is it
-it was developed to help us understand matter
-it’s a tiny “bit” of matter
what is isotopic mass
mass of a specific isotope of an element compared to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
What is an atom
An atom is a building block of matter
what is an element
-a type of atom
OR
-a substance made up of only one type of atom
What are some similarities atoms have
• They are all small
• They are all electrically neutral
• They all have the same structure
What is the nucleus in an atom
– a tiny, dense region of mass
– containing a number of protons and a number of neutrons
• It is not possible to have a fraction of a subatomic particle?
no they only exist as whole particles
what is the charge of any atom
0 (neutral)
what is the periodic table?
A table of every type of atom ever discovered
when and how to atoms peruse stability
WHEN
• not all of their electron shells are full
HOW
• by trying to obtain full electron shells
explain Metallic atoms ionization energies and electron affinities
they have low ionization energies and low electron affinities
explain Nonmetallic atoms ionization energies and electron affinities
they have high ionization energies high electron affinities
What does the particle model help us understand
The 3 states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
what happens when heat energy is transferred to a substance in solid form…
– particles absorb heat energy and vibrate more
when heat energy is transferred to a substance in solid form…
– particles absorb heat energy and vibrate more
what is thermal expansion
when a form of matter takes up more space due to an increase in temperature
what is Electron Affinity
-The energy transferred from surrounding space when atoms gain electrons
-can only be negative
what is ionization energy
-the amount of energy needed to lose Valence electron
-can only be Positive
Define atomic number ?
Number of protons in an atom.
what is a mass number
Total number of protons and neutrons.
what is the relationship between atomic and mass number
Mass number = Atomic number + Number of neutrons.
what is the relationship between atomic and mass number
Mass number = Atomic number + Number of neutrons.
what is a lewis structure
Visual representation of valence electrons.
What is atomic number?
Back: The number of protons in an atom.
How does isotopic abundance affect relative atomic mass?
More abundant isotopes contribute more to the average mass.
Key difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
: Ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons; covalent bonds involve sharing.
Properties of ionic compounds?
Back: High melting points, conduct electricity in solution.
Properties of molecular compounds?
Lower melting points, do not conduct electricity.
what is the electric charge of an electron?
1.602 x 10(-19)C
What is a pattern?
Something that repeats in a predictable matter
What is a molecule?
A group of atoms, chemically bonded together
What is an ionic substance?
A collection of oppositely charged ions
What is a metallic substance?
A collection of metallic atoms
What is the inter molecule?
A weak electrostatic force of attraction that occurs between atoms
what is the temperature?
A measure of the average vibration of particles in a substance
what is the diameter of an atom
10(-10)m
what is an anion and cation
anion= neg charged
cation= pos charged
how do you find protons and neutrons?
protons equals electrons
Neutrons equals atomic mass minus protons
