Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 30 > Unit A: The Nervous and Endocrine Systems > Flashcards

Unit A: The Nervous and Endocrine Systems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Homeostasis

A

relative stability within the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Brain and Spinal Cord
•Integrates and processes information sent by nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Nerves
•Carry sensory messages to the CNS and send information from the CNS to muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Autonomic (unconscious)

A

controls glandular secretions and the functioning of smooth and cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Somatic (conscious)

A

receptors in the head and extremities, carry info to and from the CNS to skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neurons

A

carry chemical messages
•The structural functional unit of the NS
•Respond to stimuli and transmit signals
•Three types – sensory, inter and motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glial Cells

A

account for half the volume of the NS
•Nourish the neurons, remove their wastes and defend against infection
•Individual neurons are organized into tissues called nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Polarization

A

the process of generating a resting membrane potential
•Usually around -70mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Action Potential

A

occurs at the nodes of Ranvier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Depolarization

A

occurs if the membrane potential goes higher than -70mV. If it hits -55mV dramatic changes occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Threshold

A

-55mV, once reached, the permeability of the axon changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Depolarization

A

sodium flows in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Repolarization

A

potassium flows out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

potential goes below -70mV, cannot refire (refractory period)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acetylcholine

A

A neurotransmitter used by spinal cord neurons to control muscles and regulate memory. acetylcholine is excitatory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dopamine

A

The neurotransmitter that produces feelings of pleasure when released by the brain reward system. usually inhibitory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

GABA
(gamma-aminobutyric acid)

A

The major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.

18
Q

Glutamate

A

The most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

19
Q

Glycine

A

A neurotransmitter used mainly by neurons in the spinal cord.
inhibitory neurotransmitter.

20
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Acts as a neurotransmitter and a hormone. In the peripheral ner- vous system, it is part of the fight-or-flight response. In the brain, it acts as a neurotransmitter regulating normal brain processes. usually excitatory, but is inhibitory in a few brain areas

21
Q

Serotonin

A

A neurotransmitter involved in many functions including mood, appetite, and sensory perception. In the spinal cord, serotonin is inhibitory in pain pathways.

22
Q

Hindbrain

A

Cerebellum, Medulla, Pons

23
Q

Midbrain

A

relay station for visual and auditory info

24
Q

Forebrain

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Cerebrum

25
Q

Cerebellum

A

unconscious coordination of posture, reflexes and body movements. Also includes fine motor skills

26
Q

Medulla

A

controls involuntary responses such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing and coughing

27
Q

Pons

A

relays info from the left and right cerebrum, cerebellum and the rest of the brain

28
Q

Thalamus

A

another relay station for the senses (except smell)

29
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Helps to regulate homeostasis in the body. Coordinates action of the pituitary gland by producing and releasing hormones

30
Q

Cerebrum

A

Frontal – intelligence, memory, personality and voluntary muscle movements
Parietal – skin and body position
Temporal - auditory
Occipital - visual

31
Q

Broca’s Area

A

coordinates muscles for speaking and translates thought into speech. If damaged speech would be impaired but understanding language would still remain

32
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

language comprehension. If damaged words would still be uttered but they wouldn’t make sense

33
Q

Somatic

A

voluntary

34
Q

Autonomic

A

involuntary

35
Q

Sympathetic

A

fight or flight!

36
Q

Parasympathetic

A

rest and digest

37
Q

Photoreceptors

A

rods and cones

38
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

tongue and nose

39
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

touch, position, pressure (skin, hair and ears)

40
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

skin

Bio 30 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions