Unit A Review Flashcards
How would you apply Maturity related behaviour to a child?
Look at how mature they are in scenarios. Do they have the attention span needed? do they understand the terms used?
How would you apply individual Development readiness?
Look at the individual and see if they have developed enough to move up a step within a task such as the next level of sport.
How do we apply an individuals response to performance pressures?
Children want to play sports for fun, so should we add the pressure of keeping score and see who wins? or let the kids play out no matter the score.
How do we apply sex differences to children?
Do boys and girls play together? If they play together, when do we separate them?
How do we apply maturational considerations?
How do we handle the occurrence of early and late maturers within sports?
How do we apply safety and liability issues?
When is it safe to include risk factors in sports? Such as body contact in hockey and tackling in football.
How do we apply sensitive and critical periods?
Need to look at when is the best time to introduce new topics to children such as bone health.
Why are studies on children more difficult than adults?
This is due to the variability from age to age. Children vary in size, motor skill, physiological aspects, etc. This means that when comparing children, you can only compare to that specific age group and sex.
What is the difference between a cross-sectional study and longitudinal study?
Cross-sectional is usually comparing two groups together. They are much quicker, cheaper, but gives only rough ideas to what could happen over a longer period of time.
Longitudinal studies follow a group over a longer period of time. They cost more money and the dropout rate is much higher. However, these give accurate results over long periods of time.
What is plastic processes?
Many Factors that affect growth in children
What is development?
The progression and regressions that happen over our entire lifespan. This covers biological, behavioural and motor changes.
What is growth?
This is the structural aspects of development. Looking at how the body grows in size for example.
What is maturation?
Looks at the functional changes within humans. How do processes change?
What are the different development ages and their associated age range?
Why is there an overlap on some?
Prenatal - conception -> birth
Infancy - Birth -> 2 years
Childhood - 2 -12 years
- Early childhood - 2->6 years
- Late childhood - 6-12 years
Adolescence - 11/13 -> 18 years
- females(11-18) males(13-18)
Adulthood - 18+ years
There is an overlap in adolescence and childhood due to different children starting puberty at different times.
What is Hyperplasia?
This is an increase in cell number
What is Hypertrophy?
This is an increase in cell size
What is accretion?
This is an increase in intercellular substances
When do we see more hyperplasia? Hypertrophy?
We see much more hyperplasia during prenatal and infancy.
We see more hypertrophy during childhood and adolescence.
What is a distance curve?
Distance curve indicates the total height at a certain age. Only shows the total height achieved.
What is a velocity curve?
This curve looks at the change in the rate of change over time. does not look at a total. Looks at the rate of change from one point to the next.
What are the key points of a velocity curve for growth?
Accelerating - growth acceleration leading up to growth spurt
Peak Height Velocity - the peak of growth rate.
Deceleration - the decrease in growth rate after growth spurt.
Termination of growth - when growing is done(velocity = 0)
What is scammons growth curve?
What does his graph show us?
A growth curve created in 1923. It shows the relation of multiple body parts throughout growth to the average adult size. It compares body part sizes by percentage in relation to the average adult size.
What is important about the process of maturation?
The process can occur at any time, however the process of maturation will not change. Changes will occur in the same order for everyone. There is no specific point in time someone will start this process.
Is the maturation process observable?
No it is mostly unobservable, so it is inferred.