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Science > Unit A - Biological Diversity > Flashcards

Unit A - Biological Diversity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecosystem

A

Biological community interacting with its physical environment. Abiotic and Biotic

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2
Q

Competition

A

When Niches overlap and they fight over resources and it becomes rare

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3
Q

Population

A

amount of members of a species who live in a specific area and share resources.

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4
Q

Variation Benefits

A

Diseases are less-likely to pass down.
Helps them adapt to environment

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5
Q

Variation Consequences

A

Natural Selection occurs.
Species can be too specialized and can make them vulnerable.

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6
Q

Variation Benefits

A

Diseases are less-likely to pass down.
Helps them adapt to environment

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7
Q

Parasitism

A

+/-

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8
Q

Mutualism

A

+/+

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9
Q

Commensalism

A

+/NA

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10
Q

Niche

A

role of an organism in its ecosystem
(What it eats, lives, and effect it leaves)

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11
Q

Non-heritable v Heritable traits

A

Non-heritable - traits that are not passed down in generations (dyed hair, muscles)
Heritable - traits that are passed down to generation. (hair color, eye color)

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12
Q

Types of Asexual reproduction

A

Binary fission
Budding
Spore
Vegetative

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13
Q

Binary fission and A/E

A

a cell splits exactly in 2 producing 2 identical cells (single celled organism)
A - rapid population

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14
Q

Spore and A/E

A

Spores created similar to seeds and then gets spread (mushrooms make ‘dust’)
A - Spores stay dormant until conditions are good

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15
Q

Vegetative and A/E

A

uses runners to grow daughter plants next to plant to take care of it.
A - Parent supports next generation until its grown
E- strawberry plants

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16
Q

Continuous v Discrete

A

Continuous - differences with a range of forms (hair color, eye color, height, etc.)
Discrete - differences that are either/or
(Roll tongue, hitch-hiker thumb)

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17
Q

Zygote

A

new cell created by gametes

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18
Q

Gametes F/M

A

Gametes are called sex cells
Female ones are called eggs
male ones are called sperm

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19
Q

Cleavage

A

When zygote splits

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20
Q

Embryo

A

When Zygote is bigger and forms

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21
Q

Pollen

A

Male gamete of plant

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22
Q

Stamen

A

Male part of plant where pollen is found

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23
Q

Ovules

A

Female part of plant

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24
Q

Pistils

A

Female part of plant where ovules are found

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25
Q

Cross Pollination

A

When pollen is carried from stigma to another plant

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26
Q

Cross Fertilization

A

When the grain of the pollen produces a tube that grows down the style into the ovary

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27
Q

Natural Selection

A

When a variation survives better, and the other dies off

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28
Q

Linnean classification

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(King Phillip comes over for good slurpees)

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29
Q

Allele

A

-one of the specific genes in the pair
-two alleles for each gene

30
Q

Gene

A

-small segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait or characteristics
-section of the chromosomes

31
Q

Traits

A

Specific characteristics about an organism

32
Q

Dominant Allele

A

-Uppercase Letter
-Will mask the recessive trait
-Makes the Phenotype

33
Q

Recessive Allele

A

-Lowercase Letter
-Only show when you have both Recessive traits

34
Q

Purebred

A

-BB or bb
-Has the same alleles for its genotype

35
Q

Purebred Dominant v Purebred Recessive

A

Purebred Dominant is BB
Purebred Recessive is bb

36
Q

Hybrid

A

-Bb
-have both alleles (D+R) for its genotype

37
Q

Genotype

A

-2 letter code
-one allele from Mom and one from Dad

38
Q

Phenotype

A

-What the genotype actually shows
-makes the characteristics

39
Q

BB means

A

Purebred Dominant

40
Q

Bb means

A

Hybrid

41
Q

bb means

A

Purebred recessive

42
Q

-

l l l
l——— l——– What is this
l l l
——————–

A

A Punnett Square

43
Q

B - Black b - Brown
If a Female is Purebred Recessive and the Male is Hybrid what are the chances of being brown or black? %

A

50% Black
50% Brown

44
Q

Does every cell have the same DNA

A

Yes - except for gametes

45
Q

What is different about the gametes DNA

A

it has half the DNA

46
Q

Whose James Watson and Francis Crick

A

they discovered the shape of DNA

47
Q

What are the pairs of chemicals in the DNA

A

Guanine and Cytosine
Thymine and Adenine

48
Q

Chromosomes

A

hold the DNA in a ‘spool’
We have 23 sets
always come in pairs

49
Q

Mitosis Process

A

The DNA doubles and then the cell splits making two cells

50
Q

Meiosis Process

A

-DNA Doubles
- the DNA legs cross over and mix DNA
making variation
-the cell splits in two
- the cell splits again into two making Gametes with Half the DNA

51
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

when both alleles are not completely dominant or recessive making another variation.

52
Q

Environmental Factors

A

things in the environment that can change characteristics.
Fetal alcohol syndrome

53
Q

Extinct

A

When every individual is wiped out from the planet.
Dodo Bird

54
Q

Extirpation

A

When every individual is wiped out from a specific area
grizzly bear

55
Q

Endangered

A

In immediate danger of being extinct or extirpated
whooping crane

56
Q

Threatened

A

Species that are likely to be endangered if something isn’t done
Wood Bison

57
Q

Special Concern

A

vulnerable to natural events or human
wolverine

58
Q

Causes of extinction or extirpation

A

Catastrophic Event - forest fires
Lack of food from overpopulation
Disease
Overspecialization

59
Q

Overspecialization

A

when their niche gets too narrow that when something changes in their environment, they cant survive there anymore.

60
Q

Human Causes of Extinction or Extirpation

A

-Habitat destruction - pollution, clear cutting
-Introducing new non-native species - zebra
mollusk
-Over hunting - mostly extirpation

61
Q

Affects of Extinction and Extirpation

A

It negatively affects the food web when something is gone.

62
Q

Biotechnology

A

Using Living things to make agricultural, industrial, or medicinal products
EX. Making cows genetically bigger

62
Q

Artificial Selection

A

Breeding individuals with desirable variations to do something specific like reproduce more of them.

63
Q

Biotechnology

A

the methods that scientists use to genetically engineer a living thing to get desirable traits

64
Q

Creating plant clones

A

Scientists take a plant cell and put it in a petri dish and it grows into a seedling making it identical

65
Q

Artificial Insemination

A

taking a sperm and injecting it into a females to make desirable traits
Cows

66
Q

In Vitro Fertilization

A

gametes are placed into a petri dish and fertilization occurs. embryos are placed into females so they are born naturally

67
Q

Disadvantages to Artificial Selection

A

reduces genetic variation and makes them susceptible to deiseases

68
Q

Disadvantages to Cloning

A

Birth defects without a known reason

69
Q

In-situ conservation and Ex.

A

Conservation done in the natural habitat.
-Nature Preserves
-Wild life corridors
-putting animals on the Endangered list

70
Q
A
71
Q

Mutant

A

When two different variations mix making a new variation

Science (5 decks)

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