unit 9 Respiratory

Question 1

nasal cavity

Answer 1

divided by septum/vomer. pseudostrat columnar ET. capillaries that warm air, chemoreceptors to sense smell, and conchae to cause turbulence for air

Question 2

pharynx

Answer 2

muscular passageway. divides into oro, naso, and laryngo. area at back of throat that moves air

Question 3

larynx contaisn

Answer 3

epiglottis, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

Question 4

hilum

Answer 4

where carina enters into lung and divides into bronchioles. where blood vessels and bronchi enter/exit the lung

Question 5

terminal bronchioles

Answer 5

branches into respiratory bronchioles which lead to alveolar ducts and alveoli

Question 6

alveoli

Answer 6

micro air sacs comprised of simple squamous ET, does gas exchange w capillaries and connected by alveolar pores

Question 7

surfactant

Answer 7

produced by alveolar cells to reduce surface tension inside alveoli so they may expand

Question 8

what type of tissue makes up the upper airway

Answer 8

pseudostrat columnar ET

Question 9

boyles law states. how do muscles use this

Answer 9

as volume increases, pressure decreases. muscles change volume of lung to lower pressure/allow breathing

Question 10

muscles moving thru inhalation

Answer 10

diaphragm contracts (lowers), external intercostals lift ribs. intrapulmonary pressure is 757

Question 11

muscles move thru exhalation

Answer 11

diaphragm relaxws (rises), internal intercostals lower. intrapulmonary pressure 763

Question 12

peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 12

monitor amount of O2 in blood from aortic arch. sends signals to pons to adjust depth of breath

Question 13

drive to breathe responds faster to

Answer 13

CO2 changes, slower to O2 changes

Question 14

what is emphysema

Answer 14

slow destruction of alveolar walls , causing loss of elasticity and decrease of surface area. CO2 gets trapped in lungs causing flat diaphragm and decreased breath sounds

Question 15

symptoms of bronchitis

Answer 15

wheezing, hypoxia, increased RBC and hemoglobin, rhonchi

Question 16

symptoms of emphysema

Answer 16

weight loss, dyspnea, xray hyperinflations, flat diaphragm, decreasing breathing sounds

Question 17

what is asthma

Answer 17

inflammation of bronchioles and increased mucus production. diagnosed thru pulmonary function testing, checking lung volume, bronchodilator. managed thru monitoring, peak flow meter, medication (preventative and rescue)

Question 18

pneumonia

Answer 18

fluid builds up around alveoli causing decreased gas exchange and hypoxia

Question 19

lifestyle changes in response to COPD

Answer 19

quitting smoking, light exercise, breathing techniques, self monitoring

Question 20

tuberculosis

Answer 20

bacterial infection causes bloody cough and abnormal chest xray in RUL. other symptoms are fever, night sweats, weight loss. airborne, treated w antibiotics.

Question 21

increase in CO2 causes blood pH to

Answer 21

decrease