unit 9 Respiratory Flashcards
nasal cavity
divided by septum/vomer. pseudostrat columnar ET. capillaries that warm air, chemoreceptors to sense smell, and conchae to cause turbulence for air
pharynx
muscular passageway. divides into oro, naso, and laryngo. area at back of throat that moves air
larynx contaisn
epiglottis, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
hilum
where carina enters into lung and divides into bronchioles. where blood vessels and bronchi enter/exit the lung
terminal bronchioles
branches into respiratory bronchioles which lead to alveolar ducts and alveoli
alveoli
micro air sacs comprised of simple squamous ET, does gas exchange w capillaries and connected by alveolar pores
surfactant
produced by alveolar cells to reduce surface tension inside alveoli so they may expand
what type of tissue makes up the upper airway
pseudostrat columnar ET
boyles law states. how do muscles use this
as volume increases, pressure decreases. muscles change volume of lung to lower pressure/allow breathing
muscles moving thru inhalation
diaphragm contracts (lowers), external intercostals lift ribs. intrapulmonary pressure is 757
muscles move thru exhalation
diaphragm relaxws (rises), internal intercostals lower. intrapulmonary pressure 763
peripheral chemoreceptors
monitor amount of O2 in blood from aortic arch. sends signals to pons to adjust depth of breath
drive to breathe responds faster to
CO2 changes, slower to O2 changes
what is emphysema
slow destruction of alveolar walls , causing loss of elasticity and decrease of surface area. CO2 gets trapped in lungs causing flat diaphragm and decreased breath sounds
symptoms of bronchitis
wheezing, hypoxia, increased RBC and hemoglobin, rhonchi
symptoms of emphysema
weight loss, dyspnea, xray hyperinflations, flat diaphragm, decreasing breathing sounds
what is asthma
inflammation of bronchioles and increased mucus production. diagnosed thru pulmonary function testing, checking lung volume, bronchodilator. managed thru monitoring, peak flow meter, medication (preventative and rescue)
pneumonia
fluid builds up around alveoli causing decreased gas exchange and hypoxia
lifestyle changes in response to COPD
quitting smoking, light exercise, breathing techniques, self monitoring
tuberculosis
bacterial infection causes bloody cough and abnormal chest xray in RUL. other symptoms are fever, night sweats, weight loss. airborne, treated w antibiotics.
increase in CO2 causes blood pH to
decrease
