Unit 9 - Innovation and Markets Flashcards

1
Q

Pioneering Strategy

A

The process of introducing new areas of thought or development in the design process. (first to market)

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2
Q

Imitative Strategies

A

Aims to develop a product similar to an existing new product. Takes advantage of R&D, less risky

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3
Q

Hybrid Strategy

A

mixture of pioneering, imitative strategies

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4
Q

Market Penetration

A

New customers for an existing product (less risky)

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5
Q

Market Development

A

Finding new applications for existing products, thereby opening up new markets

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6
Q

Product Development

A

The creation of new, modified or updated products aimed mainly at a company’s existing customers.

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7
Q

Product diversification

A

Increasing sales from new products [and]/or [new] markets (most risky)

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8
Q

Corporate Social Responsibility

A

A form of self-regulation for a company and centres around the development of goals (economic, social, environmental)

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9
Q

Market Sector

A

A broad way of categorizing the kinds of market the company is aiming for.

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10
Q

Geographical Sectors

A

values, culture and characteristics of purchasers in that region along with purchasing power

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11
Q

Client based Sectors

A

Focuses on consumers, industrial, public sector and commercial.

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12
Q

Market Segment

A

Dividing up the markets into smaller segments targeting customers that share characteristics.

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13
Q

Types of segments

A

income, profession, age, family, values, behaviour, gender

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14
Q

Product Family

A

A group of products having common classification criteria. (common parts, assemblies and/or aesthetic elements)

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15
Q

Marketing Mix

A

Product, Place, Price, Promotion

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16
Q

Product

A

standardization of products

17
Q

Place

A

Implications of internet selling for a company in relation to its supply chain and distribution network.

18
Q

Price

A

cost-plus, demand pricing, competitor-based pricing, product line pricing, psychological pricing.

19
Q

Promotion

A

advertising, publicity, personal selling.

20
Q

Literature Search

A

encyclopaedias, newspapers, magazines, manufacturers information, consumer reports

21
Q

Expert appraisal

A

Reliance on the knowledge and skills of an expert in the operation of the product

22
Q

User Trail

A

The observation of people using a product and collection of comments from people who have used a product.

23
Q

User Research

A

Obtaining users’ responses through questionnaires/surveys and interviews.

24
Q

Perceptual Mapping

A

Quickly compare a product to others in the market due to it being a graphical representation.

25
Q

Environmental Scanning

A

careful study of various factors influencing the business

26
Q

Brand

A

A product from a known organization

27
Q

Brand Loyalty

A

Where a person has a favourite supplier and prefers to buy products from them rather than from other suppliers.

28
Q

Brand Identity

A

Helps companies to communicate their brand so that is highly recognisable.