Unit 9: Gas Laws Flashcards
What are barometers?
used to measure atmospheric air pressure
What are the four measurable properties of gases?
- mass (amount of matter)
- volume (amount of space occupied(L))
- pressure (force exerted by particles on the walls of its container
- Temp
What is Dalton’s law of partial pressures? and its equation?
When several gases are mixed in a container, the total pressure experienced by the walls of the container is the sum of the partial pressure exerted by each gas
*P(total) = P1 + P2 + P3 +…..
What is Boyle’s Law? and its equation?
For a given mass of a gas at constant temp, the volume varies inversely with the the pressure.
- as pressure increases, volume decreases
- a volume increases, pressure decreases
- P1V1=P2V2
What is Charle’s Law? and its equation?
The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temp if the pressure is kept constant
- describes how gases tend to expand when heated.
- V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
What is Gay-Lussac’s law?
and its equation?
the pressure of a gas is directly porportional to the kelvin temp if th evolume is kept constant
- as temp increases, pressure increases
- P1 / T1 = P2 / T2
What is the combined gas law? and its equation?
relates pressure, volume, and temp as all three change simultaneously
* P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2
What is avagadro’s hypothesis?
equal volumes of gases at the same temp and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.
*the diff in mass is due to each molecule having diff masses
What is Idea Gas Law and where did it come from?
Based on Boyle’s Law, Charle’s Law, and Avagadro’s Hypothesis
* PV = n RT
n=moles
What is Graham’s Law?
the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight
*effusion-the escape of a gas through tiny holes
What is henry’s Law?
the solubility of a gas in the solution phase is greater if the pressure of the system increases
What is Kinetic molecular theory?
explains the diff properties of solids, liquids, and gases
*describes the behavior of matter in terms of particles in motion
what is the equation for pressure?
P=force/area
What is a phase diagram?
a graph that shows the changes of state from solid to liquid to gas fro any substance.
What do the flat and slanted parts of a phase diagram mean?
flat parts= constant temp
*molecules have the same speed. all energy put in or out is to break IMF’s
slanted parts=changing temp
*molecules are either speeding up or slowing down
