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Understanding Social Problems > unit 9 education and work > Flashcards

unit 9 education and work Flashcards

1
Q

Education

A

Education - offered as a measure to alleviate social problems
Highly emotional and political topics
Inequality is linked to employment, and employment is linked to education
Education is linked to family socio-economic status
Socio-economic status best predictor of success

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2
Q

Education in Canada

A
  • Provincial responsibility (Constitution Act, 1867)
    Free public education K-12
    Denominational, English or French
    Canada has the highest percentage of population with postsecondary education (USA – more degrees)
    PSEd. expensive $
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3
Q

Sociological Theories of Education

A 
Structural-Functionalist Perspective
Conflict Perspective
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Critical Theories of Education
Feminist Perspectives
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4
Q

Structural-Functionalist Perspective

A 
-Instruction for future roles
	Skills and knowledge
-Socialization
	Respect for authority, norms values and traditions of the dominant culture
-Sorting of individuals into various statuses
	Credentials
-Provision of custodial care
	Free supervision and child care
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5
Q

Conflict Perspective

A

-Solidifies the class positions
-Allows the elite to control the masses
-Indoctrination into capitalist ideology
-Cultural imperialism
Indoctrination into the dominant culture
-Cultural capital not equally valued

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6
Q

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

A
  • Examines education from a micro perspective
  • Concerned with individual and small group issues such as teacher-student interactions
  • The self-filling prophecy occurs when people act in a manner consistent with the expectations of others
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7
Q

Critical Theories of Education

A 
-Louis Althuser (1919-1990)
	Education serves state-sponsored views or ideologies
-Two main goals of education
	Learn what is required as workers
	Observation of the rules of the culture
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8
Q

Feminist Perspectives

A

-Goal
to provide the benefits of information, of increased educational attainment, and of access
-Critical assessment of educational traditions

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9
Q

Social Class and Family Background

A 
-Children in middle and upper socioeconomic brackets are more likely:
	To perform better in school
	To complete more years of education
	To enroll in advanced math courses
	Complete high school
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10
Q

Social Class and Family Background

A
  • Young people from high income families:
    1. 5 times more likely to enrol postsecondary education
    2. 5 times more likely to attend university
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11
Q

Lower Socioeconomic Backgrounds

A

-Children:
Less ready for school
More likely to have poor health, hyperactivity, and delayed vocabulary
Have mothers with low levels of education

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12
Q

How can we account for the differences?

A
  • Disposable income:
    Less money to buy books, computers, hire tutors
    -Expectations
    Less likely to expect their children to go to college or university
    -Intellectual capital
    Parents have limited language and academic skills
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13
Q

Problems in Canadian Education

A
  • Low levels of academic achievement
  • School dropouts
  • Student violence
  • High costs
  • Inadequate facilities
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14
Q

High Costs of Postsecondary Education

A
  • Tuition fees
  • Student debt
  • Full-time faculty
  • Student-faculty ratios
  • Deregulated fee programs
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15
Q

Technology

A
  • Computers in school and home
  • Allow students to progress at their own pace
  • Software for different abilities
  • Distance learning
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16
Q

Does education pay?

A

A comparison of earnings by level of education in Canada and its provinces and territories- Census 2016

17
Q

Capitalism

A 
Economic system
Investment
Production
Profit
Competitive market
Self interest – profit
Supply and demand
Laissez-faire
18
Q

Nature of Work

A 
Primary Work Sector:
	Production of raw materials
Secondary Work Sector:
	Manufacturing
Tertiary Work Sector:
	Service
19
Q

Sociological Theories of Work and the Economy

A 
Structural-Functionalist Perspective
Conflict Perspective
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Feminist Perspectives
Queer Theory Perspectives
20
Q

Structural-Functionalist Perspective

A 
-Economy
	Important social institution
	Provides necessities
	Contributes to social stability
	Surplus material and wealth can be allocated to other social uses
21
Q

Structural-Functionalism

A 
- Industrial Society
	Division of labour
	ANOMIE
		Normlessness 
		Weak or unclear norms and values
		Result from rapid social change
		Linked to social problems
22
Q

Conflict Perspective

A

Karl Marx
Capitalism benefits the Ruling Class
Working masses are exploited and oppressed
Ruling class controls the economy, and other aspects of society

23
Q

Some Examples of Policies and Organizations

A

International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Bank
World Trade Organization (WTO)
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
North American free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
USMCA (2018)

24
Q

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

A 
Work role: 
	Central part of a person’s identity
	Meaning and self worth
	Master status for many
Attitudes and behaviours are influenced by interaction with others in the work
25
Q

Feminist Perspectives

A 
Public and private sphere
	Constraints of gender-role divisions
Raises issues regarding discrimination
Policy initiatives 
	Equal pay for equal work
	Family-work balance
	Child-labour concerns
26
Q

Queer Theory Perspectives

A

GLBT persons have to maintain constant awareness - discrimination management
Is it safe to come ‘out’

27
Q

Problems of Work and Unemployment

A 
Child Labour
Health and safety hazards
Workplace illnesses and injuries
Dissatisfaction and alienation
Work and Family Concerns
Unemployment and underemployment
28
Q

Satisfaction

A 
Income 
Prestige
Sense of accomplishment
Autonomy 
Challenge 
Opportunity to be creative
Congenial co-workers
Feeling of making a contribution
Fair rewards
Promotion opportunities
Job security
29
Q

Job Dissatisfaction

A 
Alienation
	Powerlessness
		Lack of control
	Meaninglessness
		Lack of fulfillment
	Normlessness
		Unclear or conflicting norms
	Self-estrangement
		Inability to realize full potential in work roles
		Lack of connection to others
30
Q

Work-Family Concerns

A

Dual-earner family - “new norm” in Canada
Work-life balance
Affordable, quality child care
Social programs to support families

31
Q

Types and Causes of Unemployment

A 
Discriminatory unemployment
Structural unemployment
Corporate downsizing
Job exportation
Automation
32
Q

Effects of Unemployment and Underemployment

A

Personal consequences
anxiety, depression, alcohol abuse, and lowered self-esteem and confidence
Family and community consequences
linked to increased family violence
Health consequences
loss of supplemental health care benefits
Economic consequences
decline in an individual’s standard of living

33
Q

Canada: Split Labour Market

A 
Primary labour market
	Stable
	Economically rewarding
	Benefits 
	Usually occupied by the most educated and trained individuals
Secondary labour market
	low pay
	no security
	few benefits
	little chance for advancement
34
Q

Summary

A

Labour market has changed
Education is seen as a necessity for work
High cost and high stakes

Understanding Social Problems (5 decks)

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