unit 9 education and work

Question 1

Education

Answer 1

Education - offered as a measure to alleviate social problems
Highly emotional and political topics
Inequality is linked to employment, and employment is linked to education
Education is linked to family socio-economic status
Socio-economic status best predictor of success

Question 2

Education in Canada

Answer 2

• Provincial responsibility (Constitution Act, 1867)
  Free public education K-12
  Denominational, English or French
  Canada has the highest percentage of population with postsecondary education (USA – more degrees)
  PSEd. expensive $

Question 3

Sociological Theories of Education

Answer 3

Structural-Functionalist Perspective
Conflict Perspective
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Critical Theories of Education
Feminist Perspectives

Question 4

Structural-Functionalist Perspective

Answer 4

-Instruction for future roles
	Skills and knowledge
-Socialization
	Respect for authority, norms values and traditions of the dominant culture
-Sorting of individuals into various statuses
	Credentials
-Provision of custodial care
	Free supervision and child care

Question 5

Conflict Perspective

Answer 5

-Solidifies the class positions
-Allows the elite to control the masses
-Indoctrination into capitalist ideology
-Cultural imperialism
Indoctrination into the dominant culture
-Cultural capital not equally valued

Question 6

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

Answer 6

• Examines education from a micro perspective
• Concerned with individual and small group issues such as teacher-student interactions
• The self-filling prophecy occurs when people act in a manner consistent with the expectations of others

Question 7

Critical Theories of Education

Answer 7

-Louis Althuser (1919-1990)
	Education serves state-sponsored views or ideologies
-Two main goals of education
	Learn what is required as workers
	Observation of the rules of the culture

Question 8

Feminist Perspectives

Answer 8

-Goal
to provide the benefits of information, of increased educational attainment, and of access
-Critical assessment of educational traditions

Question 9

Social Class and Family Background

Answer 9

-Children in middle and upper socioeconomic brackets are more likely:
	To perform better in school
	To complete more years of education
	To enroll in advanced math courses
	Complete high school

Question 10

Social Class and Family Background

Answer 10

• Young people from high income families:
  
  1. 5 times more likely to enrol postsecondary education
  2. 5 times more likely to attend university

Question 11

Lower Socioeconomic Backgrounds

Answer 11

-Children:
Less ready for school
More likely to have poor health, hyperactivity, and delayed vocabulary
Have mothers with low levels of education

Question 12

How can we account for the differences?

Answer 12

• Disposable income:
  Less money to buy books, computers, hire tutors
  -Expectations
  Less likely to expect their children to go to college or university
  -Intellectual capital
  Parents have limited language and academic skills

Question 13

Problems in Canadian Education

Answer 13

• Low levels of academic achievement
• School dropouts
• Student violence
• High costs
• Inadequate facilities

Question 14

High Costs of Postsecondary Education

Answer 14

• Tuition fees
• Student debt
• Full-time faculty
• Student-faculty ratios
• Deregulated fee programs

Question 15

Technology

Answer 15

• Computers in school and home
• Allow students to progress at their own pace
• Software for different abilities
• Distance learning

Question 16

Does education pay?

Answer 16

A comparison of earnings by level of education in Canada and its provinces and territories- Census 2016

Question 17

Capitalism

Answer 17

Economic system
Investment
Production
Profit
Competitive market
Self interest – profit
Supply and demand
Laissez-faire

Question 18

Nature of Work

Answer 18

Primary Work Sector:
	Production of raw materials
Secondary Work Sector:
	Manufacturing
Tertiary Work Sector:
	Service

Question 19

Sociological Theories of Work and the Economy

Answer 19

Structural-Functionalist Perspective
Conflict Perspective
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Feminist Perspectives
Queer Theory Perspectives

Question 20

Structural-Functionalist Perspective

Answer 20

-Economy
	Important social institution
	Provides necessities
	Contributes to social stability
	Surplus material and wealth can be allocated to other social uses

Question 21

Structural-Functionalism

Answer 21

- Industrial Society
	Division of labour
	ANOMIE
		Normlessness 
		Weak or unclear norms and values
		Result from rapid social change
		Linked to social problems

Question 22

Conflict Perspective

Answer 22

Karl Marx
Capitalism benefits the Ruling Class
Working masses are exploited and oppressed
Ruling class controls the economy, and other aspects of society

Question 23

Some Examples of Policies and Organizations

Answer 23

International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Bank
World Trade Organization (WTO)
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
North American free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
USMCA (2018)

Question 24

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

Answer 24

Work role: 
	Central part of a person’s identity
	Meaning and self worth
	Master status for many
Attitudes and behaviours are influenced by interaction with others in the work

Question 25

Feminist Perspectives

Answer 25

``` Public and private sphere Constraints of gender-role divisions Raises issues regarding discrimination Policy initiatives Equal pay for equal work Family-work balance Child-labour concerns ```

Question 26

Queer Theory Perspectives

Answer 26

GLBT persons have to maintain constant awareness - discrimination management Is it safe to come ‘out’

Question 27

Problems of Work and Unemployment

Answer 27

``` Child Labour Health and safety hazards Workplace illnesses and injuries Dissatisfaction and alienation Work and Family Concerns Unemployment and underemployment ```

Question 28

Satisfaction

Answer 28

``` Income Prestige Sense of accomplishment Autonomy Challenge Opportunity to be creative Congenial co-workers Feeling of making a contribution Fair rewards Promotion opportunities Job security ```

Question 29

Job Dissatisfaction

Answer 29

``` Alienation Powerlessness Lack of control Meaninglessness Lack of fulfillment Normlessness Unclear or conflicting norms Self-estrangement Inability to realize full potential in work roles Lack of connection to others ```

Question 30

Work-Family Concerns

Answer 30

Dual-earner family - “new norm” in Canada Work-life balance Affordable, quality child care Social programs to support families

Question 31

Types and Causes of Unemployment

Answer 31

``` Discriminatory unemployment Structural unemployment Corporate downsizing Job exportation Automation ```

Question 32

Effects of Unemployment and Underemployment

Answer 32

Personal consequences anxiety, depression, alcohol abuse, and lowered self-esteem and confidence Family and community consequences linked to increased family violence Health consequences loss of supplemental health care benefits Economic consequences decline in an individual’s standard of living

Question 33

Canada: Split Labour Market

Answer 33

``` Primary labour market Stable Economically rewarding Benefits Usually occupied by the most educated and trained individuals Secondary labour market low pay no security few benefits little chance for advancement ```

Question 34

Summary

Answer 34

Labour market has changed Education is seen as a necessity for work High cost and high stakes