unit 9 education and work Flashcards

1
Q

Education

A

Education - offered as a measure to alleviate social problems
Highly emotional and political topics
Inequality is linked to employment, and employment is linked to education
Education is linked to family socio-economic status
Socio-economic status best predictor of success

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2
Q

Education in Canada

A
  • Provincial responsibility (Constitution Act, 1867)
    Free public education K-12
    Denominational, English or French
    Canada has the highest percentage of population with postsecondary education (USA – more degrees)
    PSEd. expensive $
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3
Q

Sociological Theories of Education

A
Structural-Functionalist Perspective
Conflict Perspective
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Critical Theories of Education
Feminist Perspectives
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4
Q

Structural-Functionalist Perspective

A
-Instruction for future roles
	Skills and knowledge
-Socialization
	Respect for authority, norms values and traditions of the dominant culture
-Sorting of individuals into various statuses
	Credentials
-Provision of custodial care
	Free supervision and child care
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5
Q

Conflict Perspective

A

-Solidifies the class positions
-Allows the elite to control the masses
-Indoctrination into capitalist ideology
-Cultural imperialism
Indoctrination into the dominant culture
-Cultural capital not equally valued

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6
Q

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

A
  • Examines education from a micro perspective
  • Concerned with individual and small group issues such as teacher-student interactions
  • The self-filling prophecy occurs when people act in a manner consistent with the expectations of others
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7
Q

Critical Theories of Education

A
-Louis Althuser (1919-1990)
	Education serves state-sponsored views or ideologies
-Two main goals of education
	Learn what is required as workers
	Observation of the rules of the culture
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8
Q

Feminist Perspectives

A

-Goal
to provide the benefits of information, of increased educational attainment, and of access
-Critical assessment of educational traditions

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9
Q

Social Class and Family Background

A
-Children in middle and upper socioeconomic brackets are more likely:
	To perform better in school
	To complete more years of education
	To enroll in advanced math courses
	Complete high school
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10
Q

Social Class and Family Background

A
  • Young people from high income families:
    1. 5 times more likely to enrol postsecondary education
    2. 5 times more likely to attend university
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11
Q

Lower Socioeconomic Backgrounds

A

-Children:
Less ready for school
More likely to have poor health, hyperactivity, and delayed vocabulary
Have mothers with low levels of education

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12
Q

How can we account for the differences?

A
  • Disposable income:
    Less money to buy books, computers, hire tutors
    -Expectations
    Less likely to expect their children to go to college or university
    -Intellectual capital
    Parents have limited language and academic skills
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13
Q

Problems in Canadian Education

A
  • Low levels of academic achievement
  • School dropouts
  • Student violence
  • High costs
  • Inadequate facilities
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14
Q

High Costs of Postsecondary Education

A
  • Tuition fees
  • Student debt
  • Full-time faculty
  • Student-faculty ratios
  • Deregulated fee programs
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15
Q

Technology

A
  • Computers in school and home
  • Allow students to progress at their own pace
  • Software for different abilities
  • Distance learning
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16
Q

Does education pay?

A

A comparison of earnings by level of education in Canada and its provinces and territories- Census 2016

17
Q

Capitalism

A
Economic system
Investment
Production
Profit
Competitive market
Self interest – profit
Supply and demand
Laissez-faire
18
Q

Nature of Work

A
Primary Work Sector:
	Production of raw materials
Secondary Work Sector:
	Manufacturing
Tertiary Work Sector:
	Service
19
Q

Sociological Theories of Work and the Economy

A
Structural-Functionalist Perspective
Conflict Perspective
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Feminist Perspectives
Queer Theory Perspectives
20
Q

Structural-Functionalist Perspective

A
-Economy
	Important social institution
	Provides necessities
	Contributes to social stability
	Surplus material and wealth can be allocated to other social uses
21
Q

Structural-Functionalism

A
- Industrial Society
	Division of labour
	ANOMIE
		Normlessness 
		Weak or unclear norms and values
		Result from rapid social change
		Linked to social problems
22
Q

Conflict Perspective

A

Karl Marx
Capitalism benefits the Ruling Class
Working masses are exploited and oppressed
Ruling class controls the economy, and other aspects of society

23
Q

Some Examples of Policies and Organizations

A

International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Bank
World Trade Organization (WTO)
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
North American free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
USMCA (2018)

24
Q

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

A
Work role: 
	Central part of a person’s identity
	Meaning and self worth
	Master status for many
Attitudes and behaviours are influenced by interaction with others in the work
25
Feminist Perspectives
``` Public and private sphere Constraints of gender-role divisions Raises issues regarding discrimination Policy initiatives Equal pay for equal work Family-work balance Child-labour concerns ```
26
Queer Theory Perspectives
GLBT persons have to maintain constant awareness - discrimination management Is it safe to come ‘out’
27
Problems of Work and Unemployment
``` Child Labour Health and safety hazards Workplace illnesses and injuries Dissatisfaction and alienation Work and Family Concerns Unemployment and underemployment ```
28
Satisfaction
``` Income Prestige Sense of accomplishment Autonomy Challenge Opportunity to be creative Congenial co-workers Feeling of making a contribution Fair rewards Promotion opportunities Job security ```
29
Job Dissatisfaction
``` Alienation Powerlessness Lack of control Meaninglessness Lack of fulfillment Normlessness Unclear or conflicting norms Self-estrangement Inability to realize full potential in work roles Lack of connection to others ```
30
Work-Family Concerns
Dual-earner family - “new norm” in Canada Work-life balance Affordable, quality child care Social programs to support families
31
Types and Causes of Unemployment
``` Discriminatory unemployment Structural unemployment Corporate downsizing Job exportation Automation ```
32
Effects of Unemployment and Underemployment
Personal consequences anxiety, depression, alcohol abuse, and lowered self-esteem and confidence Family and community consequences linked to increased family violence Health consequences loss of supplemental health care benefits Economic consequences decline in an individual’s standard of living
33
Canada: Split Labour Market
``` Primary labour market Stable Economically rewarding Benefits Usually occupied by the most educated and trained individuals Secondary labour market low pay no security few benefits little chance for advancement ```
34
Summary
Labour market has changed Education is seen as a necessity for work High cost and high stakes