Unit 9 Flashcards
Goal of education
To create new individuals who are capable of
doing new things, not simply of repeating
what other generations have doneindividuals who are creative, inventive, and
discoverers
Importance of generalization
Most students with autism and severe
disabilities have difficulty generalizing the
skills they learn.
And effective teacher has students perform
targeted skills in different settings and with
different instructors, cues, and materials
before concluding with confidence that the
student has acquired and generalized a skill
Continued importance of generalization
Adulthood is expressed through self sufficiency
Generalization
The occurrence of relevant behavior under
different conditions without the scheduling of
the same events in those conditions as had
been scheduled in the training conditions
Stimulus generality
The extent to which performance of the target
behavior is improved in environments
different than the original training
environment
Response generality
The extent to which the learner performs
variety of functional responses in addition to
the trained response
Maintenance
The extent to which the learner continues to
perform the target behavior after a portion or
all of the intervention has been terminated
Generalization across participants
The changes in behavior of untreated
persons as a function of the treatment
contingencies that are applied to the client
Techniques for programming the generality
of behavior change
Introduce to natural reinforcement contingencies Train sufficient exemplars Train loosely Use Indiscriminable contingencies Program common stimuli Mediate generalization Train to “generalize”
Introduce to natural reinforcement
contingencies
Transfer control from trainer to stable, natural
contingencies
Accomplished by choosing behaviors to
teach that will meet maintaining
reinforcement contingences after training
Train sufficient exemplars
Train in multiple settings
Use multiple trainers
Train with multiple stimuli
Train loosely
Training is conducted with relatively little
control over the stimuli presented and the
correct responses allowed, so as to maximize
sampling to relevant dimensions r transfer to
other situation and other forms of the
behavior
Use indiscriminable contingencies
Use variable reinforcement schedules
Delay reinforcement
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Continuous reinforcement
Used to teach new skills
Use until the data show stable responding for
several days
Intermittent reinforcement
Used to sustain/maintain intervention effects Used after stable responding has been achieved Can use a variable schedule to systematically fade reinforcement from continuous to intermittent
