unit 9

Question 1

UN partition plan (1947)

Answer 1

When the UN mandated for Palestine to be split into two independent states (one for the Jewish refugees)

Question 2

mandate system

Answer 2

international method of splitting colonies

Question 3

Camp David Accords (1978)

Answer 3

political agreements that led to Egypt regaining the Sinai Peninsula from the Israelis

Question 4

Palestine Liberation Org

Answer 4

A Palestinian nationalist political and militant organization

Question 5

oil embargo

Answer 5

the banning of exports go targeted nations and cutting levels of production

Question 6

Yom Kippur war 1974

Answer 6

the Rwandan war

Question 7

coup d’etat

Answer 7

a sudden, violent, and unlawful seizure of power from a government

Question 8

Kwame Nkrumah

Answer 8

the late president of Ghana

Question 9

Jomo Kenyatta

Answer 9

late president of Kenya

Question 10

Patrice Lumumba

Answer 10

Prime Minister of Congo

Question 11

Robert Mugabe

Answer 11

President of Zimbabwe

Question 12

Mobutu Sese Seko

Answer 12

Congolese politician

Question 13

Corazon Aquino

Answer 13

President of the Philippines

Question 14

General Suharto

Answer 14

former president of Indonesia

Question 15

Ferdinand Marcos

Answer 15

former president of the philippines

Question 16

Salvador Allende

Answer 16

the first Marxist to be elected president in a liberal democracy in Latin America (Chile)

Question 17

military junta

Answer 17

a type of leadership structure in a military dictatorship in which a committee of military officers rules in unison

Question 18

Augusto Pinochet

Answer 18

Chilean general and dictator who ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990, first as the leader of the Military Junta of Chile

Question 19

Rene Schneider

Answer 19

the commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army at the time of the 1970 Chilean presidential election, when he was assassinated during a botched kidnapping attempt

Question 20

Ayatollah Khomeini

Answer 20

an Iranian political and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran and an architect of the Iranian Revolution and the first leader (rahbar) of the Islamic republic established in 1979

Question 21

Hostage Crisis (1979-81)

Answer 21

a diplomatic standoff between the United States and Iran. Fifty-two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage after a group of militarized Iranian college students

Question 22

Mohammad Mosaddegh

Answer 22

an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 35th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953 but fearing the growing influence of the communist Tudeh, UK prime minister Winston Churchill and the Eisenhower administration decided in 1953 to overthrow Iran’s government

Question 23

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Answer 23

the last Shah of the Imperial State of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow in the Islamic Revolution on 11 February 1979

Question 24

SAVAK

Answer 24

the secret police, domestic security and intelligence service in Iran during the reign of the Pahlavi dynasty (Organization of Intelligence and Security of the Country)

Question 25

Sunni & Shia

Answer 25

The divide originated with a dispute over who should succeed the Prophet Muhammad as leader of the Islamic faith he introduced. About 85% of the 1.6 billion Muslims are Sunni, while 15% are Shia

Question 26

theocracy

Answer 26

a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God

Question 27

White Revolution (1963)

Answer 27

a far-reaching series of reforms resulting in aggressive modernization in Iran launched on 26 January 1963 by the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, which lasted until 1979

Question 28

Baltic republics

Answer 28

a geopolitical term, which currently is used to group three countries: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

Question 29

Leonid Brezhnev

Answer 29

he is most commonly remembered for starting the economic stagnation which triggered the dissolution of the Soviet Union

Question 30

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

Answer 30

a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia which was formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991

Question 31

detente

Answer 31

a process of managing relations with a potentially hostile country in order to preserve peace while maintaining our vital interests

Question 32

glasnost

Answer 32

increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union

Question 33

Mikhail Gorbachev

Answer 33

had a decision to allow elections with a multi-party system and create a presidency for the Soviet Union began a slow process of democratization that eventually destabilized Communist control and contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union (birth mark guy)

Question 34

mujahideen

Answer 34

guerrilla fighters in Islamic countries (Taliban)

Question 35

perestroika

Answer 35

the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system

Question 36

sharia law

Answer 36

Sunni religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition (acknowledgement of sound local customs throughout the world)

Question 37

Solidarity Movement

Answer 37

it became the first independent labor union in a Soviet-bloc country. Solidarity gave rise to a broad, non-violent, anti-Communist social movement that, at its height, claimed some 9.4 million members

Question 38

Taliban

Answer 38

original goal was to restore peace and security and enforce their own austere version of Sharia, or Islamic law, once in power

Question 39

Velvet Revolution

Answer 39

ended more than 40 years of communist rule in the country (Czech)

Question 40

Lech Walesa

Answer 40

Wałęsa became the leader of the Solidarity movement, and led a successful pro-democratic effort, which in 1989 ended Communist rule in Poland and ushered in the end of the Cold War

Question 41

Boris Yeltsin

Answer 41

a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the first president of Russia from 1991 to 1999. He was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1961 to 1990.