Unit 9 Flashcards
The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Social Psychology
Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard b/c of real or imagined pressure to fit in
Conformity
A Form of social influence elicited in response to direct orders from an authority figure
Obedience
Loss of self awareness and self restraint in a group setting
Deindividuation
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling efforts together
Social Loafing
The tendency to favor our own group
In-Group Bias
When a goal has both positive and negative aspects, and thus leads to approach and avoidance conflicts at the same time.
Approach-Avoidance conflict
Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts
Central route persuasion
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a smaller request to comply later with a larger request
Foot in the door phenomenon
The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent
Cognitive Dissonance theory
The tendency for observers when analyzing others behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and impact of personal disposition
Fundamental attribution error
The theory that we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition
Attribution Theory
Feelings, often influences by others beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, events
Attitude
Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues such as the speakers attractiveness
Peripheral route persuasion
A set of expectations(norms) about a social positions, defining how those in position ought to behave
Role
Understood rules for expected and accepted behavior
Norms
Influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Normative social influence
Imitating someones actions unconsciously after seeing Someone do it
Social contagion
Influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality(Yelp reviews)
Informational social influence
Improved performance on simple or well earned tasks in the presence of others
Social facilitation
The beliefs and attitudes we bring to a group grow stronger as we discuss them
Group polarization
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic approach
Groupthink
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
Culture
An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members
Prejudice
A generalized belief about a group of people
Stereotype
Unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group and its members
Discrimination
The tendency to believe the world is just and that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Just-world phenomenon
People with whom we share a common identity
Ingroup
Those perceived as different of apart from our ingroup
Outgroup
The theory that prejudice offers a outlet for anger by providing someone to blame(Muslims post 9/11)
Scapegoat theory
The tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than other races
Other-race effect
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally
Aggression
A culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations
Social script
The more you are exposed to something the more attraction you have to that thing
Mere exposure effect
An aroused state of intence positive absorbstion in another, usually present at the beginning of a relationship
Passionate Love
A deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with our same interests
Companionate love
A condition in which people retrieve from a relationship to what they give
Equity
Revealing intimate aspects of one’s self ton another
Self-disclosure
An unselfish reward for the welfare of others
Altruism
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give if others are present
Bystander effect
The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to max benefits and minimize costs
Social exchange theory
An expectation that people will help, not hurt those who need help
Reciprocity norm
The expectation that we should help those in need
Social-responsibility norm
A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals or ideas
Conflict
A situation in which the conflicting parties become caught in mutually disctructive behavior
Social Trap
Mutual views often held by conflicting people as when eac side sees itselfs as ethical and the other side as evil
Mirror image perceptions
A belief that leads to it’s own fulfillment
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
Superordinate goals
Graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction
GRIT
