Unit 8 • The Industrial Revolution

Question 1

What is the industrial revolution? (8)

Answer 1

The industrial revolution was the beginning of the modern world of expanding economies and mass consumption.

8.1

Question 2

When did the industrial revolution begin? (8)

Answer 2

1760. (mid-1700s)

Question 3

Where did the industrial revolution begin? (8)

Answer 3

Britain.

(in heavy british accent)
🇬🇧 bit of a surprise, innit? 🇬🇧
🇬🇧 spiffingly 🇬🇧

Question 4

The relationship between agricultural changes and the industrial revolution. (8.1)

Answer 4

New ideas and technologies enabled farmers to produce more food. More food allowed the population to grow, which meant more factory workers, and more consumers. Factories made more machines, which helped farmers grow more food, which led to an even higher population.

Question 5

What is the enclosure system? (8.1)

Answer 5

As scattered strips of land were consolidated into larger and more efficient individual farms, many tenant farmers were evicted.

Question 6

What is a seed drill, and how did it contribute to the agricultural revolution in Britain? (8.1)

Answer 6

The seed drill was a tool made by Jethro Tull in 1701 used in agriculture to plant seeds optimally and efficiently, as opposed to humans planting seeds manually.

This made it so that more seeds were able to be planted, in less time, which increases crop yields over a period of time.

Question 7

What is superphosphate, and why was it important to the agricultural revolution in Britain? (8.1)

Answer 7

Superphosphate was the first commercially available fertilizer in the world.

It was important to the British agricultural revolution as it allowed new crops to be planted sooner after harvesting, due to the soil maintaining its richness.

Question 8

During the industrial revolution, the population increased. Why? (8.1)

Answer 8

Reproduction was more frequent when more food was present, leading to a population surplus. Additionally, less died of starvation.

Question 9

What did people use as an energy source (fuel?), before coal was mainstreamed? (8.2)

Answer 9

Wood.

Question 10

Why did people use wood as an energy source (fuel?) before the industrial revolution, if they were already aware of coal’s existence? (8.2)

Answer 10

Coal was elusive and hard to extract without any form of machinery.

king coal 👑💯

Question 11

Coal produces _ times as much energy as wood when burned. (8.2)

Answer 11

3 times as much energy.

Question 12

What does a steam engine do? (8.2)

Answer 12

A steam engine drains water from mineshafts hundreds of metres underground, which allowed coal to be mined more plentiful.

Question 13

Who invented the steam engine, and when? (8.2)

Answer 13

Thomas Newcomen, in 1712.

Question 14

Steam engines succeeded ______. (8.2)

Answer 14

Steam engines succeeded horses, which were only able to power a pump which allowed water to be drained from about 30 metres underground.

Question 15

How were Matthew Boulton and James Watt important to the industrial revolution? (8.2)

Answer 15

Together they formed Boulton & Watt, which built increasingly efficient steam engines.

Question 16

Why were entrepreneurs important to the industrial revolution? (8.2)

Answer 16

Their inventions allowed companies to scale their production and become increasingly efficient

Question 17

During the industrial revolution, Britain’s growing empire fed industry with materials and new markets. What did industry give in return? (8.3)

Answer 17

Industry gave the Empire the technologies it required to navigate, exploit, and conquer a large portion of the world.

Question 18

Why did Britain experience a large population increase between mid-1700 and early 1800? (8.3)

Answer 18

Britain had a shipping fleet which brought goods and foods from other countries, which fed the further growth of industry and population.

Question 19

[come back to sugar rush]

Answer 19

if you see this, tell esi he has to come back to sugar rush

Question 20

How many tonnes of tea were the British importing from China every year? (8.3)

Answer 20

6 million tonnes/year of tea.

Question 21

What happened between China and Britain, when they were trading tea?

Answer 21

[cb]

Question 22

What was the most powerful empire in the world during the industrial revolution?

Answer 22

The British empire.

Question 23

Consequences of the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 23

• People worked for very low wages which led them to live in malnutrition and squalor.
• Slaves died in droves in the US and Carribean harvesting sugar & tobacco.