Unit 8 - Special Collection & Point-Of-Care-Testing (POCT) Flashcards
Yield information that determines which blood products can be transfused safely into a patient.
Blood bank specimens
Blood bank tests require the collection of one or more __________ tubes In some cases, __________ tube is used.
Lavender- or pink-top EDTA
Nonadditive glass red-stoppered tube is used.
T/F
Blood bank specimens require strict patient identification and specimen labeling procedures.
T
T/F
Specimens that have labeling errors of any kind or are unlabeled will not be accepted for testing.
T
T/F
An error in specimen identification or labeling requires recollection of the specimen and causes a delay in patient treatment.
T
T/F
An undetected error can result in administration of an incompatible blood product and the possibility of a fatal transfusion reaction.
T
T/F
One system uses a special ID bracelet such as the PDC Securline Blood Bank, which is attached to the patient’s wrist.
T
In a special ID bracelet system, the patient’s identity is confirmed and the information written on a self-carbon adhesive label on the special bracelet contains a ___________.
Unique ID number
Labeling requirements for blood bank specimens.
– Patient’s full name (including middle initial)
– Patient’s date of birth
– Date and time of collection
– Phlebotomist’s initials
- Room number and bed number (optional)
- Patient’s hospital identification number (or social security number for outpatients)
A place where blood is collected and stored before it is used for transfusions.
Blood bank
Perform tests to ensure that blood from donors and other blood products are safe before blood transfusion.
Blood bank
We use blood bank specimens for _____ and _____.
Compatibility testing
Screening for blood-borne pathogens
Compatibility testing
Blood typing
Screening for unexpected cell antibodies
Screening for blood-borne pathogens
Hepatitis viruses
HIV
HTLV
Syphilis
West nile virus
Malaria
What are the special identification systems in blood bank specimens?
ID bracelet
Blood product validation
ID bracelet with barcoded ID number contains _____ information.
Patient
Blood product validation contains what?
Clinician identity
Patient identity
Donor identifier
Blood product’s barcode on the blood unit
Commonly performed tests in blood banking.
Blood typing and screening
T/F
In blood bank tests, we screen for infections and unexpected RBC ANTIGENS.
F. It should be RBC ANTIBODIES
Procedure for compatibility testing and selection of safe blood for transfusion.
Cross-matching
Testing of donor’s red cells with patient’s serum to detect antibodies in the patient.
Major cross-match
Testing of patient’s serum with donor’s red cells.
Major cross-match
Testing of donor’s serum with patient’s red cells to detect antibodies in the donor serum.
Minor cross-match
Testing of donor’s serum with patient’s red cells.
Minor cross-match
In cross matching procedures, we check for blood _____ and _____.
Agglutination
Hemolysis
Manifestation of incompatibility.
Agglutination
Hemolysis
T/F
In blood bank donor collection, we collect blood to be used for blood transfusion procedures rather than for diagnostic procedures.
T
During a regular donation, we give around how much blood?
450 mL of whole blood
T/F
Presence of anxiety, drug or alcohol to the donor should be deferred.
T
Donor eligibility check for AGE.
17 to 66 y/o
Donor eligibility check for TEMPERATURE.
37.5 C or 99.5 F
Donor eligibility check for WEIGHT.
Minimum weight of 110 lbs or 49.8 kg ~ 50 kg
Donor eligibility check for NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE.
180 mmHg (systolic pressure)
100 mmHg (diastolic pressure)
Donor eligibility check for NORMAL PULSE RATE.
50 to 100 bpm
Donor eligibility check for ACCEPTABLE HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS.
12.5 g/dL
Donor eligibility check for ACCEPTABLE HEMATOCRIT LEVELS.
Atleast 38%
T/F
A donor is eligible if he or she doesn’t have skin lesions or any skin disorders that are not cause for deferral like ivy and other rashes.
T
The anticoagulant and preservative used in collecting units of blood for transfusion purposes.
Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD) or CPD plus adenine (CPDA1)
It prevents clotting by chelating calcium.
Citrate
A compound that stabilizes the pH.
Phosphate
It provides energy to the cells and helps to keep them alive.
Dextrose
T/F
Donor units are normally collected from a large antecubital vein.
T
The vein is SELECTED in a manner similar to routine _____ and CLEANED in a manner similar to _____ collection.
Venipuncture
Blood culture
The collection unit is a sterile, closed system consisting of a bag to contain the blood connected by a length of tubing to a sterile _____ needle.
16G to 18G
T/F
The bag fills by gravity and must be placed lower than the patient’s arm.
T
T/F
The collection bag contains an anticoagulant and preservative solution and is placed on a mixing unit while the blood is being drawn.
T
The unit is normally filled by weight but typically contains around _____ of whole blood when full.
450 mL
T/F
Only one needle puncture can be used to fill a unit. If the unit only partially fills and the procedure must be repeated, an entire new unit must be used.
T
The process by which a person donates blood for his or her own use.
Autologous donation
T/F
Autologous donation is done for elective surgeries when it is anticipated that a transfusion will be needed.
T
T/F
Using one’s own blood eliminates many risks associated with transfusion, such as disease transmission and blood or plasma incompatibilities.
T
Although blood is normally collected several weeks prior to the scheduled surgery, the minimum time between donation and surgery can be as little as _____ hours.
72 hours or 3 days
T/F
To be eligible to make an autologous donation, a person must have a written order from a physician.
T
A blood bank procedure that reduces the chance of hemolytic reactions and transmission of blood-borne diseases.
Autologous donation
We perform blood cultures to test the presence of _____.
Bacteremia
Septicemia
It helps to determine the PRESENCE AND EXTENT of infection as well as indicating the type of ORGANISM responsible and the ANTIBIOTIC to which it is most susceptible.
Blood culture
Blood culture if collected _____ prior to fever peak, before the body can eliminate some of the microorganisms.
30 minutes to 2 and 1/2 hours
In detecting bacteria in blood, aside from performing blood culture, we do _____ testing.
Susceptibility or sensitivity
The medium used in special collection bottles.
Nutrient broth
What are the sets of specimens used in blood culture?
Aerobic bottle
Anaerobic bottle
It allows preferential growth of AEROBIC and FACULTATIVE ANAEROBIC microorganisms.
Aerobic bottle
Allowing preferential growth of strict anaerobic bacteria.
Anaerobic bottle
Microorganisms that needs oxygen to survive.
Aerobic bacteria
Microorganisms that can survive with or without oxygen.
Facultative anaerobic bacteria
Microorganism that survive in the absence of oxygen because it is toxic to them.
Obligate anaerobic bacteria
Anticoagulant used in blood culture.
0.025% to 0.050% Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate (SPS)
Tubes that inhibits the growth of microorganism.
Sodium citrate
Heparin
EDTA
How many blood cultures are needed to optimize the detection of microorganisms in the blood.
2 to 4 blood cultures
Blood cultures are drawn _____ apart.
30 to 60 minutes
T/F
Blood cultures are drawn consecutively and immediately from different sites.
T
Blood-broth ratio.
1:5 – 1:10
T/F
For adults, the patient weighing greater than 80 lbs or 36 kg is required.
T
Recommended blood volume for blood culture.
20 to 30 mL
minimum of 10 mL per draw
Recommended draw for pediatric patients weighing less than 1 kg.
2 mL
Recommended draw for pediatric patients weighing 2 kg.
4 mL
Recommended draw for pediatric patients weighing 12.7 kg.
6
Recommended draw for pediatric patients weighing 36.3 kg.
10 mL
Recommended draw for pediatric patients weighing greater than 36.3 kg.
2 to 30 mL
Some pediatric bottles may be supplemented with _____ to enhance the recovery of _____.
X and V factors
Haemophilus influenzae
Antiseptic or sterile technique is done to minimize the risk of the _____ of the skin.
Normal flora
Duration of friction scrub.
30 to 60 s
Antiseptics used for blood culture collection.
Tincture of iodine
Chlorhexidine gluconate*
Povidone/70% ethyl alcohol combination
Antiseptics in a form of swab sticks.
10% povidone iodine
1% to 2% tincture of iodine
Antiseptics in a form of cleaning-pad kits.
Benzalkonium chloride
The area covered should be _____ at the puncture site.
3 to 4 in. in diameter
Tests performed in evaluation of hemostasis.
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
Prothrombin Time (PT)
Anticoagulant of choice in evaluation of hemostasis.
Trisodium citrate
Ratio of citrate to blood.
1:9
Ratio of blood to citrate.
9:1
Blood samples for coagulation testing should be collected by clean atraumatic venipuncture, and excessive application of vacuum should be avoided to minimize activation of ______.
Platelets
Cooling on ice during transport may be required for some test specimens to protect the _____.
Coagulation factors
Tests should be performed within __ hours of sample collection.
4
Plasma should be frozen within __ hour of harvesting.
1
Tube used for special coagulation testing.
Blue-top CTAD tube