Unit 8: South America

Question 1

Democracy as a goal:
1. What were open elections, and their benefits?

Answer 1

No one knows who/how you voted
More than one political party
Universal suffrage (right of all adults citizens to vote)

Question 2

Democracy as a goal:
What was South America’s idea of citizen participation?

Answer 2

a. High levels of education and literacy
b. Economic security
c. Freedom to speech, press, and assembly

Question 3

Democracy as a goal:
What all fits under their idea of ‘majority rule, minority rights’?

Answer 3

a. shared national identity
b. projection of individual rights
c. politicians carry out their citizens will

Question 4

Settlement of South america:
Which Spanish settler conquered the Aztecs in 1521? (Took two years)

Answer 4

Hernando Cortez

Question 5

Democracy as a goal:
What was south America’s idea of a constitutional government?

Answer 5

a. Government based on written laws
b. education about how the government works
c. no one is above the law

Question 6

Settlement of South America:
Which Spanish settler conquered the Incas in 1533 by capturing their king?

Answer 6

Francisco Pizarro

Question 7

Portuguese settlement:
Who claimed brazil in 1500?

Answer 7

Pedro Cabral

Question 8

Portuguese settlement:
What did Pedro Cabral and the Portuguese do to Brazil’s land?

Answer 8

Destroyed forest land for sugar plantations

Question 9

What was the Encomienda System?

Answer 9

a. farm, ranch, and mine for production
b. priests protest cruel treatment
c. African slaves in 1542

Question 10

Independence:
What were the 4 divisions of South America’s divided society?

Answer 10

Peninsulares, creoles, mestizos and mulattoes, and enslaved africans & natives

Question 11

Who were peninsulares?

Answer 11

Born in Spain or portugal

Question 12

This is a extra card idk why it’s in here

Answer 12

Idk

Question 13

Who were mestizos and mulattos?

Answer 13

mixed ancestry (businesses/merchants= wealthy)

Question 14

Who were enslaved africans and natives?

Answer 14

Laborers (extremely poor)

Question 15

Who was Jose de San Martin and what did he do?

Answer 15

a. creole from Argentina, independence in 1816
b. crossed andes mountains, freed chile in 1817
c. United with Bolivar to free Peru in 1824

Question 16

Who was Dom Pedro and what did he do?

Answer 16

a. fled portugal to Brazil in 1808
b. fought family for independence in 1822
c. wealth and opportunity

Question 17

Foreign Influence:
Who are caudillos and what do they do?

Answer 17

Caudillos are leaders who are in charge of a region
a. military leaders with political power
b. government sells land to wealthy people
c. voting restricted to upper and middle classes

Question 18

Foreign Influence:
What two things led to exploring?

Answer 18

Refrigeration and transportation

Question 19

Foreign Influence:
What 3 places did South America borrow money from?

Answer 19

UK, France, and Germany

Question 20

Foreign Influence:
What are two factors of market exploitation?

Answer 20

1. Importation of manufactured products
2. Few factories, schools, roads, and hospitals

Question 21

In order what were the 6 events that the United States had foreign Influence with South American in?

Answer 21

Monroe Doctrine (1823), Spanish American War (1898), Roosevelt Corollary (1904), Panama Canal (1914), Good Neighbor Policy (1934), Bracero Program (1942)

Question 22

What is significant about the Panama canal?

Answer 22

It is how the United States monitor products that go in and out of South America

Question 23

Brazil:
What did Juscelino Kubitschek do?

Answer 23

a. foreign investment for development
b. created a new capital (Brasilia)
c. Land reform led to military coup

Question 24

What was Brazil’s idea of a military dictatorship from 1965-1985?

Answer 24

a. Amazon development (Integrating the territory of Brazil through building roads, growing agriculture, etc)
b. low wages and welfare cuts
c. people who criticized him were censored, jailed, tortured, or executed

Question 24

What government has Brazil run since 1985?

Answer 24

Democracy

Question 25

Brazil:
What is happening under their democracy?

Answer 25

a. foreign debt and inflation
b. corruption and scandals
c. Lula de Silva vs. Jair Bolsonaro

Question 26

What is the Latin meaning of Argentina?

Answer 26

silver

Question 27

Argentina:
Who was Eva “Evita” Peron

Answer 27

She was the wife of a leader who established dictatorship amongst Argentina

Question 28

Argentina:
Who supported Eva and Juan Peron’s dictatorship?

Answer 28

Supported by workers because they gave welfare without individual freedoms

Question 29

Argentina:
What happened to Juan Peron’s government?

Answer 29

Military and Catholics overthrew Juan in 1955

Question 30

Argentina:
What happened under the military dictatorship from 1955 to 1982?

Answer 30

1. torture and murder were common
2. 30k “disappeared”
3. Government resigned due to Falklands war loss against Britain (Embarrassed)

Question 31

Argentina:
What happened under their democracy?

Answer 31

1. deficit spending led to increasing national debt
2. IMF refused financial aid
3. 24% unemployment, defaulted on $132b debt

Question 32

What ancestry do Mulattos have?

Answer 32

European and African ancestry

Question 33

What ancestry do Mestizos have?

Answer 33

Spanish and Native American ancestry