Unit 8 review

Question 1

Massive retaliation

Answer 1

a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack.

Question 2

viet cong

Answer 2

The Vietcong were a group of communist guerilla fighters located in South Vietnam who supported a reunited Vietnam under communist rule

Question 3

new frontier

Answer 3

Kennedy’s New Frontier was a program of economic and social reform. The overall goal of JFK’s New Frontier was to get Americans to understand that in order to get through future obstacles and perils, sacrifices had to be made. Such as economic reform and equality and reform for all.`

Question 4

Alliance for Progress

Answer 4

aimed to establish economic cooperation between the U.S. and Latin America.

Question 5

Berlin Wall

Answer 5

The Berlin Wall was built by the German Democratic Republic during the Cold War to prevent its population from escaping Soviet-controlled East Berlin to West Berlin,

Question 6

Freedom Summer

Answer 6

During the summer of 1964, hundreds of college students flooded Mississippi. The students came from different backgrounds, colleges, and Civil Rights organizations. Despite these differences, they had one goal, increase voter registration among African Americans in Mississippi. Also wanted to combat segregation and racism.

Question 7

SNCC

Answer 7

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded in April 1960 by young people dedicated to nonviolent, direct action tactics.

Question 8

CORE

Answer 8

Founded in 1942 by an interracial group of students in Chicago, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) pioneered the use of nonviolent direct action in America’s civil rights struggle.

Question 9

SCLC

Answer 9

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s organization, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was best known for mobilizing large, nonviolent protests in places like Birmingham and Selma, aimed at moving the national conscience and pushing the federal government to support civil rights initiatives.

Question 10

Search and destrooy

Answer 10

Search-and-destroy missions entailed sending out platoons, companies, or larger detachments of US troops from a fortified position to locate and destroy communist units in the countryside.

Question 11

selective service system

Answer 11

Selective Service Acts, U.S. federal laws that instituted conscription, or compulsory military service.

Question 12

stonewall rebellion

Answer 12

In 1969, a series of riots over police action against The Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City’s Greenwich Village, changed the landscape of homosexual society quite literally overnight.

Question 13

nation of islam

Answer 13

The Nation of Islam (NOI) is an Islamic and Black nationalist movement founded in Detroit, Michigan by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad in 1930. His mission was to “teach the downtrodden and defenseless Black people a thorough knowledge of God and of themselves.” Members of the NOI study the Quran, worship Allah as their God and accept Muhammad as their prophet, while also believing in notions of Black Nationalism.

Question 14

Black Panthers

Answer 14

The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPP) was founded in October 1966 in Oakland, California by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, who met at Merritt College in Oakland. It was a revolutionary organization with an ideology of Black nationalism, socialism, and armed self-defense, particularly against police brutality

Question 15

detenete

Answer 15

period of the easing of Cold War tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union from 1967 to 1979. The era was a time of increased trade and cooperation with the Soviet Union and the signing of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) treaties

Question 16

Pentagon Papers

Answer 16

The Pentagon Papers, officially titled The History of U.S. Decision-Making in Vietnam, 1945–1968, is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States’ political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1968.

Question 17

Watergate

Answer 17

The scandal included a break-in at the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C., on June 17, 1972, and subsequent cover-up by people who worked for or with the White House, and by Nixon himself.

Question 18

deindustrialization

Answer 18

The process of economic change involving the disappearance of outmoded industries with the transfer of factories to new low-wage locations, with devastating effects in the Northeast and Midwest, especially in the 1970s and 1980s.

Question 19

OPEC

Answer 19

Stands for the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, cartel of oil-producing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that gained substantial power over the world economy in the mid- to late 1970s by controlling the production and price of oil.

Question 20

Explain the development of the Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 20

Since Cuba was a communist country right in the United State’s back yard, Russian leader Khrushchev began to ship ballistic missiles to Cuba and technicians to operate them in order that they can be fended off from American aggression. In October 1962, an American U-2 spy plane secretly photographed these nuclear missile sites being built by the Soviet Union on the island of Cuba. However President Kennedy did not want the Soviet Union and Cuba to know that he had discovered the missiles so he talked to his advisors in secret. After many days of deliberation Kenedy decided to “quarantine” the island in order to block any more Russian military support going to the island and demanded the immediate removal of the missiles. Russia declared this as an act of regressionaggression and both armies readied for war. The aggression finally stopped after some very stressful diplomatic talks in which the US agreed to not attack Cuba and remove missiles from Turkey while the Soviet removed its bomber and missiles from Cuba.

Question 21

How did the Tet Offensive change American public opinion about the war in vietnam

Answer 21

Before the Tet Offensive, United States officials predicted a guaranteed victory. Then, on Jan. 30, 1968, the Viet Cong attacked 36 provincial capitals. This was a huge psychological blow to Americans because if America was truly winning, the Tet Offensive would have never happened. The American public shifted towards thinking that the war was “quicksand”, and it would be better to withdraw all efforts from the war. The American public was convinced that the Vietnam War was useless (swallowing up supplies and hurting relations w/ other nations), so anti-war efforts erupted across the states.

Question 22

What were the stonewall riots and what did they have to do with the push for civil rights beyond those demanded by racial minorities

Answer 22

The Stonewall Riots, also called the Stonewall Uprising, began in the early hours of June 28, 1969 when New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay club located in Greenwich Village in New York City. The raid sparked a riot among bar patrons and neighborhood residents as police roughly hauled employees and patrons out of the bar, leading to six days of protests and violent clashes with law enforcement outside the bar on Christopher Street, in neighboring streets and in nearby Christopher Park. The Stonewall Riots served as a catalyst for the gay rights movement in the United States and around the world. They fought for the decriminalization of homosexuality, rights to employment, military service, and marriage.

Question 23

What was so unusual about the economic phenomenon of stagflation

Answer 23

Normally, slow economic growth prevents inflation according to the rules of supply and demand. As consumer demand drops, prices fall accordingly. This makes stagflation a rather unusual economic event, caused by disruptive government policies interfering in usual market function.

Question 24

compare and contrast Nixon’s Watergate scandal with Reagans iran-contra scanda

Answer 24

The Iran–Contra affair often referred to as the Iran–Contra scandal, was a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan administration. Between 1981 and 1986, senior administration officials secretly facilitated the illegal sale of arms to Iran, which was subject to an arms embargo at the time. The administration hoped to use the proceeds of the arms sale to fund the Contras, an anti-Sandinista rebel group in Nicaragua. Under the Boland Amendment, further funding of the Contras by legislative appropriations was prohibited by Congress, but the Reagan administration figured out a loophole by secretly using non-appropriated funds instead.
They both got exposed by the media. Both of them used a privated group to pull of the scandals. For Nixon he used a group of guys called plumbers and Reagan used senior administration officials