unit 8 reading

Question 1

threshold for oliguria

Answer 1

< 400 mL/24 hr

Question 2

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 2

excretion of > 3.5 g of protein (albumin) due to glomerular injury

Question 3

nephritic syndrome

Answer 3

hematuria and red blood cell casts
- less sesvere proteinuria than nephrotic

Question 4

pathophysiological changes from CKD

Answer 4

• gradual creatinine elevation
• GFR declines
• sodium lost in urine
• potassium is retained
• acidosis develops
• erthropoietin production diminished

Question 5

cause of neurogenic bladder

Answer 5

neural lesion that interrupts innervation on bladder

• upper motor neuron lesions result in overractive bladder function and loss of bladder coordination
• sacral lesions result in underactive, hypotonic or atonic bladder function

Question 6

most common type of kidney stone

Answer 6

calcium oxalate

Question 7

what is hydronephrosis

Answer 7

dilation of the renal pelvix proximal to a blockage

• the increased pressure from urine backup decreases GFR

Question 8

cause of tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Answer 8

chronic hydronephrosis (obstructive uropathy) leads to pressure-induced ischemia and accumulation of scar tissue

Question 9

how long does it take for tubular damage to affect kidney function

Answer 9

7 to 28 days

Question 11

what happens in postobstructive diuresis

Answer 11

after obstruction is relieved, the body attempts to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances through rapid excretion of up to 10 L/day

Question 12

renal colic

Answer 12

pain related to dilation and psams of smooth muscle related to ureteral obstruction