Unit 8 Key Words

Question 1

Bible

Answer 1

The holy book of Christians

Question 2

Church

Answer 2

The community of Christians (with a small c it means a Christian place of worship)

Question 3

Conscience

Answer 3

An inner feeling of the rightness or wrongness of an action

Question 4

Decalogue

Answer 4

The Ten Commandments

Question 5

Democratic processes

Answer 5

The ways in which all citizens can take part in government (usually through elections)

Question 6

Electoral processes

Answer 6

The ways in which voting is organised

Question 7

Golden Rule

Answer 7

The teaching of Jesus that you should treat others as you would like them to treat you.

Question 8

Human rights

Answer 8

The rights and freedoms that everyone is entitled to.

Question 9

Political party

Answer 9

A group which tries to be elected into power on its policies (for example, Labour, Conservative)

Question 10

Pressure group

Answer 10

A group formed to influence government policy on a particular issue

Question 11

Situation ethics

Answer 11

The idea that Christians should base moral decisions on what is the most loving thing to do

Question 12

Social change

Answer 12

The way in which society has changed and is changing (and also the possibilities for future change)

Question 13

Artificial insemination

Answer 13

Injecting semen into the uterus by artificial means

Question 14

Conservation

Answer 14

Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment

Question 15

Creation

Answer 15

The act of creating the universe, or the universe which has been created

Question 16

Embryo

Answer 16

A fertilised egg in the first eight weeks after conception

Question 17

Environment

Answer 17

The surroundings in which plants and animals live and on which they depend to continue living

Question 18

Global warming

Answer 18

The increase in the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere (thought to be caused by the greenhouse effect)

Question 19

Infertility

Answer 19

Not being able to have children

Question 20

In-vitro fertilisation

Answer 20

The method of fertilising a human egg in a test tube

Question 21

Natural resources

Answer 21

Naturally occurring materials, such as oil and fertile land, which can be used by humans

Question 22

Organ donation

Answer 22

Giving organs to be used in transplant surgery

Question 23

Stewardship

Answer 23

Looking after something so it can be passed on to the next generation

Question 24

Surrogacy

Answer 24

An arrangement whereby a woman bears a child on behalf of another woman or where an egg is donated and fertilised by the husband through IVF and then implanted into the wife’s uterus

Question 25

Aggression

Answer 25

Attacking without being provoked

Question 26

Bullying

Answer 26

Intimidating/frightening people weaker than yourself

Question 27

Conflict resolution

Answer 27

Bringing a fight or struggle to a peaceful conclusion

Question 28

Exploitation

Answer 28

Taking advantage of a weaker group

Question 29

Forgiveness

Answer 29

The act of stopping blaming someone and/or pardoning them for what they have done wrong

Question 30

Just war

Answer 30

A war that is fought for the right reasons and in a right way

Question 31

Pacifism

Answer 31

The belief that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means

Question 32

Reconciliation

Answer 32

Bringing together people who were opposed to each other

Question 33

Respect

Answer 33

Treating a person or their feelings with consideration

Question 34

The United Nations

Answer 34

An international body set up to promote world peace and co-operation

Question 35

Weapons of mass destruction

Answer 35

Weapons which can destroy large areas and numbers of people

Question 36

World peace

Answer 36

The ending of war throughout the whole world (the basic aim of the United Nations)

Question 37

Addiction

Answer 37

A recurring compulsion to engage in an activity regardless of its bad effects

Question 38

Capital punishment

Answer 38

The death penalty for a crime or offence

Question 39

Crime

Answer 39

An act against the law

Question 40

Deterrence

Answer 40

The idea that punishments should be of such a nature that they will put people off (deter) committing crimes

Question 41

Judgement

Answer 41

The act of judging people and their actions

Question 42

Justice

Answer 42

Due allocation of reward and punishment, the maintenance of what is right

Question 43

Law

Answer 43

Rules made by Parliament and enforceable by the courts

Question 44

Reform

Answer 44

The idea that punishments should try to change criminals so that they will not commit crimes again

Question 45

Rehabilitation

Answer 45

Restore to normal life

Question 46

Responsibility

Answer 46

Being responsible for one’s actions

Question 47

Retribution

Answer 47

The idea that punishments should make criminals pay for what they have done wrong

Question 48

Sin

Answer 48

An act against the will of God

Question 49

Conflict

Answer 49

Fighting

Question 50

Peace

Answer 50

A state of harmony with freedom from disturbance, fighting or war.

Question 51

Anarchy

Answer 51

Situation where law and order have completely broken down and normal life is impossible.

Question 52

Shariah Law

Answer 52

This is a code of law based on the teachings of Qur’an and the practice of prophet Muhammad.

Question 53

Apostasy

Answer 53

The disaffiliation of a person from a religion.