Unit 8: intermolecular forces Flashcards

1
Q

What are intra-molecular forces?

A
  • Interactions of atoms within a molecule
  • Can be metallic, ionic or covalent
  • Stronger than intermolecular forces
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2
Q

What are inter-molecular forces?

A
  • Interactions between molecules, atoms or ions, so between chemical species
  • Affect physical propreties, such as boiling and melting point
  • State of matter depends on the magnitude of intermolecular forces (Liquids and solids = strong and gases = weak)
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3
Q

What are metallic bondings?

A
  • Between metallic atoms
  • Valence electrons move freely through the structure
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4
Q

London dispersion force (LDF)?

A
  • Type of inter-molecular force (temporarily)
  • All substances have LDF
  • When electrons are temporarily unsymmetrically distributed in a molecule
  • Results in short-lived dipole moments, that creates polarity in molecules, even in non-polar bonds
  • Larger atoms/molecules are said to be polarized, because have more electrons
  • Consequences: higher melting and boiling points that expected
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5
Q

Dipole-dipole interactions?

A
  • Type of inter-molecular force (permanent)
  • Between polar molecules with net dipoles
  • Permanent dipole due to uneven sharing of electrons
  • Consequences: higher melting/boiling points than nonpolar molecules
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6
Q

Hydrogen bonds?

A
  • Strong dipole-dipole interaction
  • O-H, N-H, F-H bonds are highly polarized
  • Due to very small size of hydrogen atoms
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7
Q

Ion-dipole forces?

A
  • Electrostatic attractions between ions and polar molecules
  • Ex: NaCl in water
  • Most commonly found in solutions
  • The strongest force
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