Unit 8 Flashcards- envir.

Question 1

chemicals and other substances in the atmosphere at levels that can cause harm to people, other organisms, or ecosystems

Answer 1

air pollution

Question 2

substances that are discharged into the air

Answer 2

Emissions

Question 3

a mixture of very small particles and liquid droplets in the atmosphere

Answer 3

Particulate matter

Question 4

a harmful chemical in the environment

Answer 4

Pollutant

Question 5

chemicals that are released directly into the air at high enough concentrations to cause harm.

Answer 5

Primary pollutant

Question 6

chemicals that are released into the air where they react with other chemicals to form new, harmful chemicals.

Answer 6

Secondary pollutant

Question 7

a mixture of air pollutants that may form over urban areas

Answer 7

smog

Question 8

forms when ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun reacts with pollutants in the air

Answer 8

photochemical smog

Question 9

a change in air pressure, wind patterns, ocean currents, and ocean temperature

Answer 9

El Niño

Question 10

Climate change might result in ___ storm systems.

Answer 10

more intense

Question 11

___ ozone is good because it absorbs harmful UV radiation.

Answer 11

Stratospheric

Question 12

a pattern of movement where less-salty water moves at the top of the ocean’s surface and cold, salty water moves at the depths of the ocean

Answer 12

thermocline circulation

Question 13

There will be less snowpack in western mountain ranges. Some regions will experience an increase in food-crop yields. For cities that already experience heat waves, the frequency, intensity, and duration of those heat waves will most likely increase.

Answer 13

North America

Question 14

The rain forest will be slowly replaced by savanna, causing loss of biodiversity. Less water may be available for human use, agriculture, and energy production.

Answer 14

Latin America

Question 15

There will be an increased chance of flash flooding and coastal flooding. The sea level may rise, which would increase erosion. Crop yields are projected to decrease in the southern part of the continent.

Answer 15

Europe

Question 16

Anywhere from 75 to 250 million people are projected to experience water stress or scarcity by 2020. Yields from crops that rely on rain could also decrease by 50% in some regions.

Answer 16

Africa

Question 17

The availability of clean, fresh water is projected to decrease in most of the continent by the 2050s. Coastal areas will be at risk from flooding. Some regions are expected to see an increase in death rates due to diseases that are made worse by floods and droughts.

Answer 17

Asia

Question 18

According to the WHO, ___ pollution is the worst type of air pollution globally.

Answer 18

indoor

Question 19

Muqua is a valley surrounded by two tall canyon walls. On a sunny day in the winter, there is a very cold layer of air on the ground, and there is a high level of smog. This is due to ___.

Answer 19

temperature inversions

Question 20

The polar ice caps ________ global temperature.

Answer 20

decrease

Question 21

______ is a process that removes carbon from the atmosphere and stores it in a liquid or solid form.

Answer 21

Sequestration

Question 22

A decrease of Amazon rain forests can lead to a(n) ________ in regional temperatures.

Answer 22

increase

Question 23

A: methane
B: carbon dioxide
C: solar radiation
D: reradiated heat
E: reemitted heat

Answer 23

Label the diagram.

Question 24

The _____ is the point at which a series of small changes causes a larger, more important change.

Answer 24

tipping point

Question 25

The __________ is United States legislation that sets standards for vehicle and industry emissions as well as setting standards for air quality.

Answer 25

Clean Air Act

Question 26

anthropogenic

Answer 26

caused by humans

Question 27

a long-term change in a region’s precipitation and temperature

Answer 27

climate change

Question 28

the rising of the overall global temperature

Answer 28

global warming

Question 29

the trapping of heat that reradiates from the surface of the earth

Answer 29

greenhouse effect

Question 30

The _________ is an international treaty for reducing ozone pollutants.

Answer 30

Montreal Protocol

Question 31

The _____ is an international treaty that governs research on the only continent that does not have a native population.

Answer 31

Antarctic Treaty System

Question 32

A(n) _____ is an explanation of observations or events based on hypotheses found to be true and verified many times by different groups of scientists.

Answer 32

theory

Question 33

The _____ is an international treaty that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Answer 33

Kyoto Protocol

Question 34

_____ smog is present in all modern cities.

Answer 34

Industrial

Question 35

The closer you are to the equator, the temperature will ___________.

Answer 35

increase

Question 36

the settling out of atmospheric acids onto land

Answer 36

acid deposition

Question 37

smog that forms when soot combines with sulfur compounds and water droplets in the air

Answer 37

industrial smog

Question 38

smog that forms when UV light from the sun reacts with pollutants in the air

Answer 38

photochemical smog

Question 39

a mixture of air pollutants that may form over urban areas

Answer 39

smog

Question 40

a weather condition that occurs when a layer of cold air becomes trapped under a layer of warm air in the troposphere

Answer 40

temperature inversion