unit 8: developing and developed economies Flashcards
define economic development
increase in the economic welfare of people through growth in the production scale and wealth of the economy
differentiate between developed and developing countries
developed countries- countries that have good infrastructure and stable economies with very high per capita income
the development, industrialisation and general standard of living for these citizens, in terms of education, health and wealth, is very high.
developing countries- countries that are becoming more developed through expansion of their industrial sector and fewer people suffer the extremes of poverty. they have low standards of living and are more active in agriculture and mining (the primary sector)
what are under-developed countries?
countries that are far behind in indutrialisation, infrastructure and standard of living and have low income per capita.
list the features of developed countries
- high standards of living
- high GDP per head(income per capita)
- better education facilities
- better health care facilities
- better transport facilities
- more people employed in the manufacturing and service industries
list the features of a developing country
- low GDP per person
- concentrate more on priamry products
- have faster growing populations
- high birth rates and death rates
- low life expectancy
what are the problems a developing country faces as it develops?
- increased congestion(overcrowding)
- affected healh and living conditions
- lack of employemtn and housing
- congested traffic
- increased pollution
- overloaded service
- development of squater settlements
define population
total number of people in an area in a given period of time
what are the factors affecting population growth?
birth rate- the nukber of live births per thousand of the population in a given year
death rate- the number of deaths per thousand of the total population in a given year
net migration- difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants
immigrants- a person who comes to live in a foreign counrty permanently
emigrants- people who leave their own country to settle permanently in another country
fertility rate- average number of children born in a country by a woman over a her lifetime
define natural increase
birth rate minus the death rate
how do you calculate population increase?
multiply rate of natural increase by the popultaion
define: age structure
and infant mortality rate
age structure- number of people in each age group of the population
infant mortality rate- number of deaths per thousand of the new born babies before reaching their first birthday
what are the possible effects of an aging population?
- high demand for houses
- high government spending
- smaller working popualtion
describe the pre-agricultural era
the most undeveloped or least modern state humans have existed in
- during this period, people were hunters and gatherers
- their main activity was collecvting food
