Unit 8 Cattle, Railroads, Indian Wars

Question 1

Buffalo Soldiers

Answer 1

The name was given to African American soldiers who served in the U.S Army on the western frontier and fought in the Indian Wars (1854-1890)

Question 2

Buffalo Soldier Responsibilities

Answer 2

1. Control the Native Americans of the Plains (led to fights)
2. capture cattle rustlers thieves
3. Protect settlers, stagecoaches, wagon trains and railroad crews along the Western front
4. deliver mail and work at national parks

Question 3

Purpose of Cattle Drives

Answer 3

Demand for cattle was so high in cities in the East Coast
Get cattle to Kansas so they can be put on trains and taken to east to sell for huge profits

Question 4

Life of a Cowboy

Answer 4

1. hard work for low pay
2. Harsh and dangerous conditions
3. responsible for moving cattle from ranches to railroads
4. diverse - many of Mexican heritage or African American

Question 5

Dangers on the Cattle Trail

Answer 5

*attacks from bandits, cattle thieves, or Native Americans
*stampedes
*flooded rivers or streams
*harsh weather conditions

Question 6

Barbed Wire

Answer 6

*used to fence in land on the Great Plains and keep cattle from roaming onto farm land
*eventually led to the end of Texas cattle drives
*closed off the open frontier

Question 7

Growth of Railroads in Texas

Answer 7

1. provided fast, reliable, transportation
2. led to end of cattle drives
3. helped Texas economy grow
4. towns were established along new rail lines
5. more settlers able to move West
6. land was taken from Plains Indians

Question 8

Building the Railroads

Answer 8

1. cities used bonds (loans from citizens) to pay the cost
2. state government gave land grants to railroad companies
3. many immigrants worked to build the rail lines
4. work crews were sometimes attacked by Plains Indians

Question 9

Spread of White Settlements

Answer 9

1. moving West was easier thanks to more railroads
2. US government gave settlers land
3. Plains Indians were pushed off their native lands

Question 10

Medicine Lodge Treaty

Answer 10

1. signed by Kiowa, Comanche, Apache, Arapaho, and Cheyenne tribes
2. established specific reservations for each tribe (in Oklahoma)
3. tribes felt this was the only way their people could survive
4. US government hoped this would end the conflict between whites and Plains Indians
5. not all tribes wanted to move (Satanta and Quanah Parker)

Question 11

Medicine Lodge Treaty Promises (US government would do these things)

Answer 11

1. teach Indians how to farm and get farming tools
2. provide food and clothing rations
3. build schools and churches on the reservations
4. provide guns and ammo for hunting
5. keep white hunters off-reservation land

Question 12

Quanah Parker

Answer 12

1. Comanche leader
2. worked to settle disputes between Native Americans and the US Government
3. leased land to white ranchers; used profit to help his tribe get food and supplies
4. assimilated (adapted to) white culture as a way to survive

Question 13

Red River War

Answer 13

War between Kiowa and Comanche; gov. herds people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others

Question 14

Battle of Adobe Walls

Answer 14

1. first battle of Red River War
2. Quanah Parker and Lone Wolf led this attack
3. several hundred Native warriors against less than 30 buffalo hunters
4. holy man promised he would protect Indians from bullets
5. Natives had to retreat because whites were using buffalo guns

Question 15

Battle of Palo Duro Canyon

Answer 15

1. Mackenzie defeated the Comanche here by destroying their villages, horses, and supplies
2. Comanche had no choice but to move – could not survive the winter without supplies
3. last battle of the Red River War
4. considered the end of the Native way of life in Texas

Question 16

'’Kill the Buffalo, Kill the Indian’’

Answer 16

The US Army believed that by killing the buffalo it would be easier to control Plains Indians and move them to reservations
without buffalo, the tribes would not be able to easily survive