Unit 8

Question 1

Instinct

Answer 1

complex behavior that is throughout species that is unlearned

Question 2

drive-reduction theory

Answer 2

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Question 3

homeostasis

Answer 3

to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

Question 4

incentives

Answer 4

positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 5

yerkes-dodson law

Answer 5

performances increase with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases

Question 6

hierarchy of needs

Answer 6

maslow’s pyramid of human needs

Question 7

glucose

Answer 7

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissue

Question 8

insulin

Answer 8

hormones secreted by by pancreas; controls body glucose

Question 9

ghrelin

Answer 9

hormone secreted by empty stomach; sends “I’m hungry” signals to the brain

Question 10

orexin

Answer 10

Hunger-triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus

Question 11

leptin

Answer 11

protein hormone secreted by fat cells; causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger

Question 12

PYY

Answer 12

digestive tract hormone

Question 13

set point

Answer 13

the point at which a person’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set

Question 14

basal metabolic rate

Answer 14

the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

Question 15

sexual response cycle

Answer 15

the four stages of sexual responding described by Master and Johnson excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Question 16

refractory period

Answer 16

a period of inactivity after a neuron has fired

Question 17

sexual dysfunction

Answer 17

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

Question 18

estrogens

Answer 18

sex hormones, secreted in greater amounts by females then males

Question 19

testosterone

Answer 19

the most important of the male sex hormones

Question 20

emotion

Answer 20

a response of the whole organism involving arousal, expressive behaviors, and concious experience

Question 21

james-lange theory

Answer 21

theory that our experience of our emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Question 22

cannon-bard theory

Answer 22

theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus at the same time triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion

Question 23

two-fact theory (schachter singer)

Answer 23

to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal

Question 24

insula

Answer 24

a neural center deep inside the brain

Question 25

polygraph

Answer 25

a machine to detect if the person is lying or not

Question 26

facial feedback effect

Answer 26

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger or happiness

Question 27

health psychology

Answer 27

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine

Question 28

stress

Answer 28

process by which we percieve and respond to certain events we call stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Question 29

general adaption syndrome

Answer 29

selye's concept of the body adaptive response to stress in three phrases; alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 30

oxycotin

Answer 30

stress-moderating hormone associated with pair bonding in animals and released by cuddling, massage and breast feeding in humans

Question 31

psychophysiological illness

Answer 31

literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches

Question 32

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 32

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.

Question 33

coronary heart disease

Answer 33

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle

Question 34

type A

Answer 34

competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Question 35

type B

Answer 35

easygoing, relaxed people

Question 36

lymphocytes

Answer 36

the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system