Unit 8

Question 1

What is the difference between civil liberties and civil rights?

Answer 1

Civil liberties protect us FROM government (Bill of Rights). Other examples: Miranda vs. Arizona (Miranda Rights, 14th amendment: Due Process

Civil Rights are protections BY the government. Examples: Civil RIghts Act of 1964, 14th amendment: Equal Protection Clause

Question 2

Define Jim Crow

Answer 2

laws that enforced racial segregation in the American South between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the beginning of the civil rights movement in the 1950s

Question 3

What happened in Reconstruction that caused Jim Crow?

Answer 3

• During a brief period of time black americans were voting and holding offices, but their was a violent backlash
• Most of the promises of reconstruction were not fufilled
• After the Civil War (1861-1865) most southern and border states passed laws that denied Black people their basic human rights

Question 4

What are the origins of Jim Crow?

Answer 4

• In the 1830’s and 1840’s, white entertainer Thomas Rice performed songs and dances that he modeled after an enslaved person
• He named the character Jim Crow

Question 5

What are the direct effects and creations of Jim Crow?

Answer 5

• Black Codes: a reaction to the 13th and 14th amendment; laws intended to assure the continuance of white supremacy in the states of the former Confederacy
  
  • 1865 = Mississippi and South Carolina enacted the first black codes (black people needed evidenc eof employment)
• Segragation: “Whites Only” and “Colored” signs (public places)
• Literacy test and poll tax: impede black people from voting
• Later overturned by Brown v Board of Education

Question 6

What are some laws/amendments that impacted civil rights?

Answer 6

• 13th amendment: abolished slavery
• Civil Rights Act of 1866: first federl law to define citizenship; all citizens are equally protected by the law
• 14th: gave citizenship to ll U.S born people including newly freed slaves
• 15th: gave vlack people the right to vote (men)
• Brown v Board of Education
• Civil Rights Act of 1964: segragation on the rounds of race, religion, or national origin - is banned in public place
• Voting Rights Act of 1965: Prohibits discrimintion based on race for voting
• Civil Rights Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act): prohibits discrimination in the sale, renting of a dwelling

Question 7

What are the major Civil rights organizations?

Answer 7

• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) - Achieve civil rights by peceful and lawful means; Director: Roy Wilkins
• Nationl Urban League (NUL) - worked to improve lives of black people from rural douth to northern cities; job training, housing, education; Director: Whitney Young
• Negro American Labor Council (NALC) - an advocacy group dedicated to serving the the needs and civil rights of black workers
• South Christian Leadership Conference - coordinate local protests throughout the south through nonviolent protest
• Student Nonviolent Coordinting Committee (SNCC)
• grassoots org. Protests, egistered black voters in rural south; “Freedom Summer” campaign in Mississippi; Formed Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) Atlantic city convention
• Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) - erase color line through methods of direct nonviolent action (freedom riders); Co-founder: James Farmer

Question 8

11 major civil rights leaders?

Answer 8

• Booker T Washington - ounded the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (Now Tuskegee University); believer in Black owned businesses
• W.E.B. DuBois - used data to solve social issues, Leader of the Niagara Movement
• Edgar Nixon - helped plan the Montgomery Bus Boycott; Resigned his post as MIA (Montgomery Improvement Association) treasurer
• Harry T. Moore - Helped organize statewide NAACP organization
• A. Philip Randolph - Established the nation’s first black labor union in 1925, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; pressured President Roosevelt to end discrimination in wartime industries and President Truman to desegregate of the armed forces
• Claudette Colvin - arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white passenger (before Rosa Parks) (was 15 years old)
• Bayard Rustin - Deputy Director of the March on Washington; pacifict; Quaker
• Gloria Steinem - second wave feminism
• Dolores Huerta - Co-founder of the National Farmworkers Association, which later merged with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee to become the United Farm Workers (UFW); Delano grape strike
• Cesar Chavez - Co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), which later merged with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) to become the United Farm Workers (UFW) labor union (nonviolent)
• Judith Heumann - “Mother of the Disability Rights Movement”

Question 9

Timeline

Answer 9

1. Brown V Board - 1954
2. Montgomery Bus Boycott - 1954
3. Greensboro Woolworth Sit-ins by SNCC
4. March on Washington - 1963
5. Civil Rights Act of 1964
6. Voting RIghts Act of 1965
7. Selma Bridge March - 1965
8. Civil RIghts Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act)
9. Euql Credit Oppurtunity Act of 1974

Question 10

Affirmative Action

Answer 10

policies that gave preference to members of minority groups and women in job hiring, college admission, and more