Unit 8 Flashcards
Name the 2 Classifications of Joints
Structural & functional
Name 3 types of joints that bind joints based on material
Structural ; Fibrous , Cartilaginous, Synovial
Name 3 types of Functional Joints
Synarthroses , Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses
Synarthroses are …
Immovable joints
Amphiarthroses are …
Slightly movable joints
Diarthroses are ..
freely movable joints
Fibrous joints are joined by ?
Dense fibrous tsx. w/ no joint cavity
Name 3 types of fibrous joints
Sutures, Syndesmoses, Gomphoses
Sutures are only found where ?
Skull
Sutures are
interconnected fibers that hold bone edges together
Syndesmoses are connected by ?
ligaments & varies in fiber length
the best example of gomphoses are ?
teeth in alveolar sockets
Cartilaginous Joints unite bones by ?
Cartilage w/ no joint cavity
What are the 2 types of cartilage joints ?
Synchondroses & Sympheses
Synchondroses are ..
plate of hyaline cartilage that unites bones
An example of Synchondroses is the
epiphyseal plate
Which cartilage unites sympheses joints ?
fibrocartilage with amphiarthrotic joints
Give 2 examples of sympheses joints ?
Intervertebral joints & pubic symphysis
Synovial joints are separated by ?
Fluid filled joint activity that are diarthrotic
Name the 6 features of synovial joints
Articular cartilage, synovial cavity, articulate capsule, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, verve’s & blood vessels
What is articular cartilage ?
hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones
What is synovial cavity ?
fluid filled space in synovial joints
What is the articular capsule ?
It’s 2 layers thick : external fibrous layer ( dense irregular ) & synovial membrane (loose connective )
What is synovial fluid ?
plasma & hyaluronic acid
what is the function of synovial fluid ?
lubricates & nourishes articular cartilage ; contains phagocytes that eat up cells
Define & Identify the 3 types of reinforcing ligaments .
Capsular : thickened part of fibrous layer
Extracapsular : outside the capsule
Intracapsular : deep to capsule
What is bursa/ bursae?
fluid filled sac that decrease friction near ligament
Tendon sheaths
fluid filled sac that wraps around a TENDON
Name the 3 factors that determine stability of joints .
Articular surfaces , ligaments , & muscle tone
Muscles attach to bones at ?
Origin ( immovable ) and Insertion ( movable)
What are the 3 general types of movements by synovial joints ?
Gliding , Angular movements, rotation
Gliding movements are ? ( Name examples)
Sliding movements ( intercarpal/tarsal joints )
Angular movements decrease / increase angles between bones . Identify the 3 types .
Flexion : decrease angle of joint
Extension : increase angle of joint
Hyperextension : move,ent beyond anatomical position
Angular movements also include :
Abduction ( away from midline)
Adduction (toward midline)
Rotation is the
Turning of the bone on its axis
Supination & pronation is rotation of radius and ulna . Which way do palms face .?
Supination : radius and ulna are parallel
Pronation : radius rotates over ulna
What is inversion ? Enversion?
Inversion = sole comes in medially
Enversion is sole face out laterally
Name the 6 synovial joints .
Plane , Hinge , Pivot, Condylar, Saddle, Ball & Socket
Plane joint is shaped …
flat, to slide over each other
Hinge joint is shaped ..
like a hinge on a door , letting movement in one plane
Pivot joint …
always rotation on an axis
Condylar joint is shaped …
like an egg / oval on ur wrist
Ball & socket joint is shaped ..
that allows multi axial movement
Saddle joint is shaped …
Concave and convex
Cartilage tears are due to
compression and shear stress
Cartilage tears are repaired w /
ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY
What is the Unhappy Triad ?
Ruptured ACL, Ruptured Tibial Collateral Ligament, Torn Meniscus
Which injuries are common in runners ?
Injuries affecting ACL
Sprains are ..
stretched / torn ligaments that repair very slowly ( is partial tear)
separation of two bones where they meet at a joint ?
Dislocation
Why are shoulder dislocation common injuries ?
They are weak structures anteriorly and posteriorly so they dislocate easily
Inflammation of bursa ? Caused by ?
Bursitis caused by blow
How is bursitis treated ?
Rest , Ice, anti-inflammatory
Inflammation of tendon sheaths ?
Tendontities
Inflammatory/Degenerative diseases that damage joints ?
Arthritis
Acute forms of arthritis are caused by ? treated with ?
bacteria ; antibiotics
Chronic forms of arthritis are ?
Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis
Osteoarthritis is .. (list 3 things)
- irreversible & degenerative
- joints stiff & crunchy ( crepitus)
-affects more women then men
Treatment of osteoarthritis
-joint replacement
- mild pain reliever
- moderate activity
Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms are ?
joint pain and swelling, anemia, osteoporosis, muscle weakness
Why is osteoarthritis & rheumatoid arthritis different ?
RA is autoimmune , inflammatory, & chronic & affects all body systems
Describe RA steps .
Inflamed synovial membrane > thicken abnormal paninis > pannus erodes cartilage & connects to articular bone ends
Describe RA treatment
- nonsteroidal drugs to decrease pain
-steroidal anti-inflammatory to interfere w destruction of joints
-can replace joints w prosthesis
Gouty arthritis affects which gender ?
Men
Deposition of acid crystals in joints & tissues ; and inflammation
Gouty Arthritis
Treatment of GA includes :
No alcohol , kidneys, sardines, liver
