Unit 8-11 Bones & Joints Flashcards
Compact bone
Hard & dense
Located deep to the periosteum
Composed of osteons
Periosteum
Dense, irregular CT membrane
Surrounds bone
Blood vessels & nerves
Located deep to compact bone
Composed of irregular trabeculae with open spaces for red bone marrow
Spongy bone
Axial skeleton
Skull, vertebral column, & bony thorax
Appendicular skeleton
Consists of limbs, clavicle, scapulae, vocal bones, ankles/wrists, hands/feet
Hyaline cartilage
Provides firm support
Supporting structures of larynx, trachea, & bronchi
Found on the end of long bones
Articular cartilage
Costal cartilage location
Between ribs and sternum
Fibrocartilage
Provides strong support
Resistant to pressure
Where is fibrocartilage found
Intervertebral discs, pubic symphasis, meniscus, and temporomandibular joint
Elastic cartilage
Provides strength & flexibility
Location: epiglottis & external ear
Depressions
A rounded end of a bone that meets another bone or blood vessel
Facet
Shallow convex/concave surface where 2 bones articulate
Fossa / fossae
Indentation in a bone where another bone fits in
Ex: end of humerus
Diaphysis
Shaft of long bone
Epiphyseal plate
Band of dividing hyaline cartilage
Medullary cavity
Filled with adipose tissue
Epiphyses
Enlarged ends of long bones
What membrane surrounds bone
Perforating fibers of periosteum
What lines the medullary cavity
Endosteum
Hematopoiesis
Blood cells made in the red bone marrow
Sesamoid bones
Develop within tendons
Ex: patella
What allows the diaphysis to grow in length
Epiphyseal plate
What is filled with extracellular fluid and connected by canaliculi
Lacunae
What are the small cavities between lamellae and contain osteocytes
Lacunae
What is the majority of bone tissue matrix
Calcium salts
Predominant protein fiber in osteoid
Collagen
Comminuted fracture
Bone fragments into pieces
Depressed fracture
Fractured bone pushed inward
Ex: skull fractures
Compression fracture
Bone is crushed
Ex: osteoporosis
Incomplete bone fracture
Greenstick fracture
Mainly in children
Rigged break in the bone due to excessive twisting
Spiral fracture
A bone fractures without breaking
Stress fracture
Osteogenic
Produce osteoblasts
Osteoblast
Forms bone
Bone decomposition
Osteocyte
Maintains bone
Osteoclast
Breaks down bone
Bone resorption
Calcium, phosphate, & lipids
Storage reservoir in bone
Inorganic matrix
Makes bone durable & able to resist compression
Long bones are used for
Movement- not protection
Osteoblasts become trapped within
Lacuna
Yellow bone marrow stores
Triglycerides
What is the process of bone formation
Ossification
Development sequence of mature bone cells
Osteogenic cells -> osteoblasts -> osteocytes
What allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, & small substances to/from osteocytes trapped within lacunae
Canaliculi
Internal layer of spongy bones in flat bones
Diploë
Innermost surface lining
Endosteum
Compound fracture
Bone is exposed to outside of the skin
Mastoid fontanel
Between parietal, occipital, & temporal bones
Sphenoid fontanel
Between frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones
Anterior fontanel
Along the midline frontal bone and two parietal bones
What attaches upper limbs to axial skeleton
Pectoral girdle
(Clavicle & scapula)
Syndesmoses
Fibrous joint
Short fibers between ulna/radius
Prevents movement
Gomphoses
Fibrous joint
Found only in the mouth
Around root of tooth
Sychondroses
Cartilaginous joint
Between first rib and manubrium
Sympheses
Cartilaginous joints
Shock absorbers
Fibrocartilage
Between spine & pelvis
Synovial joints
Contain fluid
Diarthrosis
Freely movable joint
Ex. Ankle joint
Synarthrosis
Immovable joint
Ex. Growth plate
