Unit 8-11 Bones & Joints

Question 1

Compact bone

Answer 1

Hard & dense
Located deep to the periosteum
Composed of osteons

Question 2

Periosteum

Answer 2

Dense, irregular CT membrane
Surrounds bone
Blood vessels & nerves

Question 3

Located deep to compact bone
Composed of irregular trabeculae with open spaces for red bone marrow

Answer 3

Spongy bone

Question 4

Axial skeleton

Answer 4

Skull, vertebral column, & bony thorax

Question 5

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 5

Consists of limbs, clavicle, scapulae, vocal bones, ankles/wrists, hands/feet

Question 6

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 6

Provides firm support
Supporting structures of larynx, trachea, & bronchi

Question 7

Found on the end of long bones

Answer 7

Articular cartilage

Question 8

Costal cartilage location

Answer 8

Between ribs and sternum

Question 9

Fibrocartilage

Answer 9

Provides strong support
Resistant to pressure

Question 10

Where is fibrocartilage found

Answer 10

Intervertebral discs, pubic symphasis, meniscus, and temporomandibular joint

Question 11

Elastic cartilage

Answer 11

Provides strength & flexibility

Location: epiglottis & external ear

Question 12

Depressions

Answer 12

A rounded end of a bone that meets another bone or blood vessel

Question 13

Facet

Answer 13

Shallow convex/concave surface where 2 bones articulate

Question 14

Fossa / fossae

Answer 14

Indentation in a bone where another bone fits in

Ex: end of humerus

Question 15

Diaphysis

Answer 15

Shaft of long bone

Question 16

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 16

Band of dividing hyaline cartilage

Question 17

Medullary cavity

Answer 17

Filled with adipose tissue

Question 18

Epiphyses

Answer 18

Enlarged ends of long bones

Question 19

What membrane surrounds bone

Answer 19

Perforating fibers of periosteum

Question 20

What lines the medullary cavity

Answer 20

Endosteum

Question 21

Hematopoiesis

Answer 21

Blood cells made in the red bone marrow

Question 22

Sesamoid bones

Answer 22

Develop within tendons

Ex: patella

Question 23

What allows the diaphysis to grow in length

Answer 23

Epiphyseal plate

Question 24

What is filled with extracellular fluid and connected by canaliculi

Answer 24

Lacunae

Question 25

What are the small cavities between lamellae and contain osteocytes

Answer 25

Lacunae

Question 26

What is the majority of bone tissue matrix

Answer 26

Calcium salts

Question 27

Predominant protein fiber in osteoid

Answer 27

Collagen

Question 28

Comminuted fracture

Answer 28

Bone fragments into pieces

Question 29

Depressed fracture

Answer 29

Fractured bone pushed inward Ex: skull fractures

Question 30

Compression fracture

Answer 30

Bone is crushed Ex: osteoporosis

Question 31

Incomplete bone fracture

Answer 31

Greenstick fracture Mainly in children

Question 32

Rigged break in the bone due to excessive twisting

Answer 32

Spiral fracture

Question 33

A bone fractures without breaking

Answer 33

Stress fracture

Question 34

Osteogenic

Answer 34

Produce osteoblasts

Question 35

Osteoblast

Answer 35

Forms bone Bone decomposition

Question 36

Osteocyte

Answer 36

Maintains bone

Question 37

Osteoclast

Answer 37

Breaks down bone Bone resorption

Question 38

Calcium, phosphate, & lipids

Answer 38

Storage reservoir in bone

Question 39

Inorganic matrix

Answer 39

Makes bone durable & able to resist compression

Question 40

Long bones are used for

Answer 40

Movement- not protection

Question 41

Osteoblasts become trapped within

Answer 41

Lacuna

Question 42

Yellow bone marrow stores

Answer 42

Triglycerides

Question 43

What is the process of bone formation

Answer 43

Ossification

Question 44

Development sequence of mature bone cells

Answer 44

Osteogenic cells -> osteoblasts -> osteocytes

Question 45

What allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, & small substances to/from osteocytes trapped within lacunae

Answer 45

Canaliculi

Question 46

Internal layer of spongy bones in flat bones

Answer 46

Diploë

Question 47

Innermost surface lining

Answer 47

Endosteum

Question 48

Compound fracture

Answer 48

Bone is exposed to outside of the skin

Question 49

Mastoid fontanel

Answer 49

Between parietal, occipital, & temporal bones

Question 50

Sphenoid fontanel

Answer 50

Between frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones

Question 51

Anterior fontanel

Answer 51

Along the midline frontal bone and two parietal bones

Question 52

What attaches upper limbs to axial skeleton

Answer 52

Pectoral girdle (Clavicle & scapula)

Question 53

Syndesmoses Fibrous joint

Answer 53

Short fibers between ulna/radius Prevents movement

Question 54

Gomphoses Fibrous joint

Answer 54

Found only in the mouth Around root of tooth

Question 55

Sychondroses Cartilaginous joint

Answer 55

Between first rib and manubrium

Question 56

Sympheses Cartilaginous joints

Answer 56

Shock absorbers Fibrocartilage Between spine & pelvis

Question 57

Synovial joints

Answer 57

Contain fluid

Question 58

Diarthrosis

Answer 58

Freely movable joint Ex. Ankle joint

Question 59

Synarthrosis

Answer 59

Immovable joint Ex. Growth plate