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A&P 1! > Unit 8-11 Bones & Joints > Flashcards

Unit 8-11 Bones & Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard & dense
Located deep to the periosteum
Composed of osteons

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2
Q

Periosteum

A

Dense, irregular CT membrane
Surrounds bone
Blood vessels & nerves

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3
Q

Located deep to compact bone
Composed of irregular trabeculae with open spaces for red bone marrow

A

Spongy bone

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4
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skull, vertebral column, & bony thorax

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5
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Consists of limbs, clavicle, scapulae, vocal bones, ankles/wrists, hands/feet

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6
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Provides firm support
Supporting structures of larynx, trachea, & bronchi

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7
Q

Found on the end of long bones

A

Articular cartilage

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8
Q

Costal cartilage location

A

Between ribs and sternum

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9
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Provides strong support
Resistant to pressure

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10
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found

A

Intervertebral discs, pubic symphasis, meniscus, and temporomandibular joint

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11
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Provides strength & flexibility

Location: epiglottis & external ear

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12
Q

Depressions

A

A rounded end of a bone that meets another bone or blood vessel

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13
Q

Facet

A

Shallow convex/concave surface where 2 bones articulate

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14
Q

Fossa / fossae

A

Indentation in a bone where another bone fits in

Ex: end of humerus

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15
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of long bone

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16
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Band of dividing hyaline cartilage

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17
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Filled with adipose tissue

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18
Q

Epiphyses

A

Enlarged ends of long bones

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19
Q

What membrane surrounds bone

A

Perforating fibers of periosteum

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20
Q

What lines the medullary cavity

A

Endosteum

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21
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Blood cells made in the red bone marrow

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22
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Develop within tendons

Ex: patella

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23
Q

What allows the diaphysis to grow in length

A

Epiphyseal plate

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24
Q

What is filled with extracellular fluid and connected by canaliculi

A

Lacunae

25
Q

What are the small cavities between lamellae and contain osteocytes

A

Lacunae

26
Q

What is the majority of bone tissue matrix

A

Calcium salts

27
Q

Predominant protein fiber in osteoid

A

Collagen

28
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Bone fragments into pieces

29
Q

Depressed fracture

A

Fractured bone pushed inward

Ex: skull fractures

30
Q

Compression fracture

A

Bone is crushed

Ex: osteoporosis

31
Q

Incomplete bone fracture

A

Greenstick fracture

Mainly in children

32
Q

Rigged break in the bone due to excessive twisting

A

Spiral fracture

33
Q

A bone fractures without breaking

A

Stress fracture

34
Q

Osteogenic

A

Produce osteoblasts

35
Q

Osteoblast

A

Forms bone
Bone decomposition

36
Q

Osteocyte

A

Maintains bone

37
Q

Osteoclast

A

Breaks down bone
Bone resorption

38
Q

Calcium, phosphate, & lipids

A

Storage reservoir in bone

39
Q

Inorganic matrix

A

Makes bone durable & able to resist compression

40
Q

Long bones are used for

A

Movement- not protection

41
Q

Osteoblasts become trapped within

A

Lacuna

42
Q

Yellow bone marrow stores

A

Triglycerides

43
Q

What is the process of bone formation

A

Ossification

44
Q

Development sequence of mature bone cells

A

Osteogenic cells -> osteoblasts -> osteocytes

45
Q

What allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, & small substances to/from osteocytes trapped within lacunae

A

Canaliculi

46
Q

Internal layer of spongy bones in flat bones

A

Diploë

47
Q

Innermost surface lining

A

Endosteum

48
Q

Compound fracture

A

Bone is exposed to outside of the skin

49
Q

Mastoid fontanel

A

Between parietal, occipital, & temporal bones

50
Q

Sphenoid fontanel

A

Between frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones

51
Q

Anterior fontanel

A

Along the midline frontal bone and two parietal bones

52
Q

What attaches upper limbs to axial skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle
(Clavicle & scapula)

53
Q

Syndesmoses
Fibrous joint

A

Short fibers between ulna/radius
Prevents movement

54
Q

Gomphoses
Fibrous joint

A

Found only in the mouth
Around root of tooth

55
Q

Sychondroses
Cartilaginous joint

A

Between first rib and manubrium

56
Q

Sympheses
Cartilaginous joints

A

Shock absorbers
Fibrocartilage
Between spine & pelvis

57
Q

Synovial joints

A

Contain fluid

58
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable joint

Ex. Ankle joint

59
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable joint

Ex. Growth plate

A&P 1! (2 decks)

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