unit 8-11 Flashcards
Tell the differences of abiotic versus biotic plant problems.
Abiotic: heat, cold,drought, flood (weather and unchangeable)
Biotic: insects and pathogens
Define horticultural pests.
An organism that conflicts with profit, health or convenience.
List variety of plant pest types and the damage they cause
Emerald ash borer: rings in grass
Juniper: apple rust disease
How and why is identifying plant pest hosts is important?
Know how and what is causing harm and how to eliminate it without causing harm to other beneficial insects
Discuss the difference between pest symptoms and signs.
Symptoms: changes to plant growth or appearance
Signs: presence or direct sight/knowledge of pests
What is an alternate host?
A species of host other than the principal host on which a parasite can survive
Example: juniper
What is vector, how does it work?
A “vector” can be defined as an organism that can acquire and subsequently transmit a pathogen (mostly viruses but also fungi and bacteria) to plants
Write what IPM is NOT.
IMP is NOT organic farming
List and discuss the 3 plant pest management goals.
Prevention, reducing, and eradication of pests.
Define olericulture.
Science of vegetable growing!!
Discuss the different ways vegetables can be classified. Cool vs. Warm season and by plant part.
Some vegetables that are classified as cool season vegetables include :asparagus, beats, broccoli, and Brussels
Some vegetables that are classified as warm season vegetables are beans, corn, cucumbers, and eggplants.
Explain the term “bolting.”
Bolting is defined as plants such as lettuce “going to seed” otherwise known as this marks the end of the plants life cycle.
List common vegetables discussed in lecture, know what plant part they are and interesting facts about them.
- cucumbers, squash, and tomatoes are sensitive to chilling injury
- carrots are about 85% WATER
- There are over 100 species of edible carrots today
- the worlds largest carrot is 19 feet long
- the potato is the 2nd most consumed food in the U.S., behind milk
- George Washington grew sweet potatoes at his farm in Mt. Vernon
List various cole crops (brassica) leafy vegetables and tell how they were developed.
Broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage, horseradish, all come from leaf
Identify differences between determinate and indeterminate tomatoes.
Determinate tomatoes: smaller plants, do most of their growing before fruit set then stop, ripen at the same time, mature early
Indeterminate tomatoes: larger plants, continue growing during flowering and fruit set, yield over entire growing season, often set fruit later than determinate
Define sustainability.
The ability to keep at a steady rate of growth (enough food for everyone to live)
List the three legs of sustainability.
PROFIT, PLANET, PEOPLE!!!
What is eco-labeling?
Eco labeling is having a sticker on food products to show that the company practices good economic practices
Discuss green washing.
Green washing is when companies make a product that is eco friendly in order to entice customers to buy from them
Compare and contrast sustainable vs organic production.
Organic food does not allow synthetic fertilizers
Organic food does not allow synthetic pesticides
-no use of antibiotics
-no use of GM plants
-no human waste sludge
-organic food sales are skyrocketing
-no concrete proof that organic foods are healthier or better for you, but are better for the environment
Know how the USDA defines “local food”.
“Local food” is considered food that was grown and traveled within 400 miles
Define the term greenhouse.
A greenhouse is a transparent structure designed to modify the growing environment and protect plants from natural elements
.List three advantages of greenhouse production.
- higher crop yields and quality
- reduced pest and disease
- off season or year-round production
- extreme climate control
Describe the six greenhouse structure styles.
Even span: 2 roof slopes of equal pitch + width
Gothic arch: pointed, no trusses
Quonset: semicircular structure
Ridge and furrow: connected along structure eaves
Lean-to: attached to existing building
Cold frame: no heating or cooling components, passive
Trusses: composed of rafter, chords, and or trusts
How do plants lose water
transpiration
4 irrigation systems
surface irrigation: high evaporation rates
Sprinkler irrigation: more affection, fungal disease issues
Drip/trickle: Very effecient!! Best choice
Subsurface irrigation: capillary action
Soil types
Sand, clay, silt, peat, chalk, loam
Which type of soil would water penetrate fastest?
sandy
What does it mean for a plant to be tergent
up right, low terger pressure
What vegetative organ do plants use to absorb water?
Roots
Choose all the following that are top 6 imported flowers
Roses Carnation Chrysanthemum Lilly Pompomums
What type of cooling system is used in the green houses:
Pad and fan
Cools but how many degrees when this is used?
15 degrees in low humidity areas
Best greenhouse roof material?
Glass
Know difference between indeterminate and determinate tomatoes!!
Indeterminate: vine tomatoes
Determinate: bush tomatoes
Know our different pest management types
Hygienic, Biological, Chemical, Physical, Fumigation, Fogging and Heat treatment.
