unit 8-11

Question 1

Tell the differences of abiotic versus biotic plant problems.

Answer 1

Abiotic: heat, cold,drought, flood (weather and unchangeable)
Biotic: insects and pathogens

Question 2

Define horticultural pests.

Answer 2

An organism that conflicts with profit, health or convenience.

Question 3

List variety of plant pest types and the damage they cause

Answer 3

Emerald ash borer: rings in grass

Juniper: apple rust disease

Question 4

How and why is identifying plant pest hosts is important?

Answer 4

Know how and what is causing harm and how to eliminate it without causing harm to other beneficial insects

Question 5

Discuss the difference between pest symptoms and signs.

Answer 5

Symptoms: changes to plant growth or appearance
Signs: presence or direct sight/knowledge of pests

Question 6

What is an alternate host?

Answer 6

A species of host other than the principal host on which a parasite can survive
Example: juniper

Question 7

What is vector, how does it work?

Answer 7

A “vector” can be defined as an organism that can acquire and subsequently transmit a pathogen (mostly viruses but also fungi and bacteria) to plants

Question 8

Write what IPM is NOT.

Answer 8

IMP is NOT organic farming

Question 9

List and discuss the 3 plant pest management goals.

Answer 9

Prevention, reducing, and eradication of pests.

Question 10

Define olericulture.

Answer 10

Science of vegetable growing!!

Question 11

Discuss the different ways vegetables can be classified. Cool vs. Warm season and by plant part.

Answer 11

Some vegetables that are classified as cool season vegetables include :asparagus, beats, broccoli, and Brussels
Some vegetables that are classified as warm season vegetables are beans, corn, cucumbers, and eggplants.

Question 12

Explain the term “bolting.”

Answer 12

Bolting is defined as plants such as lettuce “going to seed” otherwise known as this marks the end of the plants life cycle.

Question 13

List common vegetables discussed in lecture, know what plant part they are and interesting facts about them.

Answer 13

• cucumbers, squash, and tomatoes are sensitive to chilling injury
• carrots are about 85% WATER
• There are over 100 species of edible carrots today
• the worlds largest carrot is 19 feet long
• the potato is the 2nd most consumed food in the U.S., behind milk
• George Washington grew sweet potatoes at his farm in Mt. Vernon

Question 14

List various cole crops (brassica) leafy vegetables and tell how they were developed.

Answer 14

Broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage, horseradish, all come from leaf

Question 15

Identify differences between determinate and indeterminate tomatoes.

Answer 15

Determinate tomatoes: smaller plants, do most of their growing before fruit set then stop, ripen at the same time, mature early
Indeterminate tomatoes: larger plants, continue growing during flowering and fruit set, yield over entire growing season, often set fruit later than determinate

Question 16

Define sustainability.

Answer 16

The ability to keep at a steady rate of growth (enough food for everyone to live)

Question 17

List the three legs of sustainability.

Answer 17

PROFIT, PLANET, PEOPLE!!!

Question 18

What is eco-labeling?

Answer 18

Eco labeling is having a sticker on food products to show that the company practices good economic practices

Question 19

Discuss green washing.

Answer 19

Green washing is when companies make a product that is eco friendly in order to entice customers to buy from them

Question 20

Compare and contrast sustainable vs organic production.

Answer 20

Organic food does not allow synthetic fertilizers
Organic food does not allow synthetic pesticides
-no use of antibiotics
-no use of GM plants
-no human waste sludge
-organic food sales are skyrocketing
-no concrete proof that organic foods are healthier or better for you, but are better for the environment

Question 21

Know how the USDA defines “local food”.

Answer 21

“Local food” is considered food that was grown and traveled within 400 miles

Question 22

Define the term greenhouse.

Answer 22

A greenhouse is a transparent structure designed to modify the growing environment and protect plants from natural elements

Question 23

.List three advantages of greenhouse production.

Answer 23

• higher crop yields and quality
• reduced pest and disease
• off season or year-round production
• extreme climate control

Question 24

Describe the six greenhouse structure styles.

Answer 24

Even span: 2 roof slopes of equal pitch + width
Gothic arch: pointed, no trusses
Quonset: semicircular structure
Ridge and furrow: connected along structure eaves
Lean-to: attached to existing building
Cold frame: no heating or cooling components, passive
Trusses: composed of rafter, chords, and or trusts

Question 25

How do plants lose water

Answer 25

transpiration

Question 26

4 irrigation systems

Answer 26

surface irrigation: high evaporation rates
Sprinkler irrigation: more affection, fungal disease issues
Drip/trickle: Very effecient!! Best choice
Subsurface irrigation: capillary action

Question 27

Soil types

Answer 27

Sand, clay, silt, peat, chalk, loam

Question 28

Which type of soil would water penetrate fastest?

Answer 28

sandy

Question 29

What does it mean for a plant to be tergent

Answer 29

up right, low terger pressure

Question 30

What vegetative organ do plants use to absorb water?

Answer 30

Roots

Question 31

Choose all the following that are top 6 imported flowers

Answer 31

Roses
Carnation 
Chrysanthemum 
Lilly 
Pompomums

Question 32

What type of cooling system is used in the green houses:

Answer 32

Pad and fan

Question 33

Cools but how many degrees when this is used?

Answer 33

15 degrees in low humidity areas

Question 34

Best greenhouse roof material?

Answer 34

Glass

Question 35

Know difference between indeterminate and determinate tomatoes!!

Answer 35

Indeterminate: vine tomatoes
Determinate: bush tomatoes

Question 36

Know our different pest management types

Answer 36

Hygienic, Biological, Chemical, Physical, Fumigation, Fogging and Heat treatment.