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Physical Geography Test 2 > UNIT 8 > Flashcards

UNIT 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

For One cell model (Hadley Cell) we must assume two things:

A
  • a non-rotating earth
  • a uniform body of water
  • A single thermally driven convection cell would occur in each hemisphere
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2
Q

What is happening aloft?

A
  • polar low
  • equatorial high
  • winds flow from equator to poles
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3
Q

What is happening at surface?

A
  • Equatorial low
  • Polar High
  • Winds flow from poles to equator
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4
Q

For multi-cell model we must assume two things:

A
  • rotating earth

- a uniform body of water

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5
Q

equatorial low

A
  • inter tropical convergence zone (ITCZ); rising motion; exists because equator is warm
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6
Q

Subtropical High

A

found at 30 degrees N and S; sinking motion; deserts found here; horse latitudes; north to the right, south to the left deflection

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7
Q

Subpolar low

A

60 N and S ex: London

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8
Q

Polar high

A

created due to the temperature at the poles; sinking motion, “cold deserts”

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9
Q

NE/SE Tradewinds

A

the most consistent winds that converge at the equator

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10
Q

Westerlies

A

wind is deflected to right in north and left in south

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11
Q

Easterlies

A

High to low- left and north high to low-right

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12
Q

Coriolis

A

windspeed and latitude; less deflection at equator

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13
Q

Overview…

A
  • 7 surface systems

- 6 wind belts

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14
Q

Hadley Cell

A

cells 30-0 degrees latitude ; thermally direct

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15
Q

Ferrel Cell

A

cells 30-60 degrees latitude; thermally indirect

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16
Q

Polar cell

A

cells 60- poles latitude; thermally direct

17
Q

Thermally Direct

A

warm air rises; cold air sinks (what we expect to have)

18
Q

Thermally indirect

A

cold air rises; warm air sinks (the opposite of what we expect)

19
Q

Jet Streams

A

rivers of rapidly moving air flowing within the same general direction:
Polar jet
Subtropical jet
Equatorial jet

20
Q

Zonal flow pattern of jet streams

A

straight flow

21
Q

meridional flow pattern of jet streams

A

wavy flow

22
Q

Ocean Current

A
  • large scale movements of water
  • oceanic counterpart to the atmospheric system of wind belts
  • Affects the 71 percent of planet covered by oceans
  • also affects continental landmasses
23
Q

Temperature profile of an ocean

A

Absorption of solar radiation heats the ocean and land surfaces; temperature DROPS with DEPTH (opposite of the troposphere)

24
Q

Mixed Layer

A
  • extends to 75 m (245 ft) in depth
  • About 3% of the total ocean volume
  • NO temperature change with depth because of waves which mix water together
25
Q

Thermocline

A
  • extends beneath the mixed layer to a depth about 1000m (3300 ft)
  • Relatively sharp changes in temperature depth because it is far enough from mixing of water
26
Q

Deep Water

A
  • depths greater than 3300ft
  • Temperatures are nearly uniform with depth (between 1-3C of 33.8-37.5) because if ice is created it will melt as it rises
  • we don’t get to 32 degrees, salt water freezing point and pressure changes freezing point
27
Q

ocean currents affect the atmosphere through the transport of heat because…

A

they STORE A LOT OF HEAT

28
Q

The world ocean plays a vital role in constantly adjusting the Earth’s surface heat imbalance…

A
  • equatorial surplus
  • polar deficit
  • The sea contains numerous horizontal, vertical, and diagonal currents at various depths
  • horizontal and at the surface are where most heat transfer takes place
29
Q

Warm current

A

travel from equator to the poles; Warm water pumps heat and moisture to the atmosphere which creates clouds and precipitation (unstable lower atmosphere)

30
Q

Cold current

A

travel from poles to equator; Cold currents don’t add heat and have no moisture to the atmosphere (Stable conditions)

31
Q

Surface Currents

A

Even though we call one a warm or cold current, they are not that different. Additionally, the currents are not very fast; they impact the globe regardless of their slight differences

32
Q

Gulf stream

A

floats through gulf and comes out between Florida and Cuba into the east coast

Physical Geography Test 2 (5 decks)

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