Unit 7 Vocab Quiz

Question 1

The best known U.S. policy toward the Western Hemisphere. Buried in a routine annual message delivered to Congress by President James Monroe in December 1823, the doctrine warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.

Answer 1

Monroe Doctrine

Question 2

an action where a country (usually an empire or kingdom) extends its power by acquisition of territories. It may also include the exploitation of those territories which is similar to colonialism which is generally regarded as an expression of imperialism

Answer 2

Imperialism

Question 3

a United States naval officer and historian, whom John Keegan called “the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century.” His thesis was that naval power = world power. He also coined the term, “Middle East.

Answer 3

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Question 4

This letter, written by the Spanish Ambassador to the United States, Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, criticized American President William McKinley by calling him weak and concerned only with gaining the favor of the crowd. Elevated tensions that led to the Spanish-American War.

Answer 4

De Lome Letter

Question 5

an American naval ship that sank in Havana Harbor during the Cuban revolt against Spain, an event that became a major political issue in the United States leading to the Spanish-American War.

Answer 5

USS Maine

Question 6

an amendment to a joint resolution of the United States Congress, enacted on April 20, 1898, in reply to President William McKinley’s War Message. It placed a condition on the United States military’s presence in Cuba. According to the clause, the U.S. could not annex Cuba but only leave “control of the island to its people.” In short, the U.S. would help Cuba gain independence and then withdraw all its troops from the country

Answer 6

Teller Amendment

Question 7

Popular phrase for the Spanish American War

Answer 7

“splendid little war”

Question 8

a nickname given to the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, one of three such regiments raised in 1898 for the Spanish–American War and the only one of the three to see action. Led and formed by Teddy Roosevelt

Answer 8

Rough Riders

Question 9

An organization established on June 15, 1898, to battle the American annexation of the Philippines as an insular area.

Answer 9

Anti-Imperialist League

Question 10

It stipulated seven conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish–American War, and an eighth condition that Cuba sign a treaty accepting these seven conditions

Answer 10

Platt Amendment

Question 11

China’s military and economic weakness and heightened Western imperialism worldwide during the 1890s resulted in the division of China into Western spheres of influence between Western powers. However, unlike its European counterparts, the United States quite simply stated that all nations should have an equal right to conduct trade in China, regardless of the already established spheres of influence

Answer 11

Spheres of Influence

Question 12

The uprising took place against a background of severe drought and the disruption caused by the growth of foreign spheres of influence. After several months of growing violence against both the foreign and Christian presence, Boxer fighters, convinced they were invulnerable to foreign weapons, converged on Beijing with the slogan “exterminate the foreigners” or sometimes translated as “kill the white devils!”

Answer 12

Boxer Rebellion

Question 13

Served for almost seven years as Secretary of State under President McKinley, and after his assassination, under Theodore Roosevelt. Hay was responsible for negotiating the Open Door Policy, which kept China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis, with international powers.

Answer 13

John Hay

Question 14

a term in foreign affairs initially used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, as enunciated in Secretary of State John Hay. The Open Door policy was rooted in the desire of U.S. businesses to trade with open markets, though it also tapped the deep-seated sympathies of those who opposed imperialism. Instead of militaries deciding the outcomes of who may be ruled, let businesses compete openly

Answer 14

Open Door Policy

Question 15

refers to U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy: “speak softly, and carry a big stick.” The idea of negotiating peacefully, simultaneously threatening with the “big stick”, or the military, ties in heavily with the idea of Realpolitik, which implies a pursuit of political power that resembles Machiavellian ideals. It is comparable to gunboat diplomacy, as used in international politics by imperial powers.

Answer 15

“Big Stick Policy”

Question 16

an artificial 48-mile waterway built by the United States in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean

Answer 16

Panama Canal

Question 17

an addition from Roosevelt to the Monroe Doctrine that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European countries and Latin American countries to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than having the Europeans press their claims directly. Effectively, the US will act as policeman of the Western Hemisphere

Answer 17

Roosevelt Corollary

Question 18

The popular nickname for the United States Navy battle fleet of 16 ships that completed a journey around the globe by order of United States President Theodore Roosevelt, to showcase American power

Answer 18

Great White Fleet

Question 19

A series of disturbances that led to civil war in Mexico, and resulted in the US to invade to capture Pancho Villa for his raid on NM, led by US General John Pershing.

Answer 19

Mexican Civil War

Question 20

The term was used in the Progressive Era to characterize reform-minded American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt. They typically had large audiences in some popular magazines

Answer 20

Muckrakers

Question 21

Established in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller as a corporation, it was the largest oil refinery in the world of its time. Its controversial history as one of the world’s first and largest multinational corporations ended in 1911, when the Supreme Court ruled that Standard Oil was an illegal monopoly

Answer 21

Standard Oil

Question 22

a social reformer, “muckraking” journalist and social documenting photographer. He is known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City and his most famous work is “How the Other Half Lives.”

Answer 22

Jacob Riis

Question 23

legalized direct income tax that was initially forbidden in the Constitution.

Answer 23

16th Amendment

Question 24

direct election of Senators

Answer 24

17th Amendment

Question 25

Prohibition

Answer 25

18th Amendment

Question 26

women won the right to vote through organizations such as National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA ), and leaders like Carrie Chapman Catt, and Alice Paul.

Answer 26

19th Amendment

Question 27

(also known as a popular or citizens' initiative) is a means by which a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote

Answer 27

Initiative

Question 28

a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before their term has ended.

Answer 28

Recall

Question 29

a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to vote on a particular proposal.

Answer 29

Referendum

Question 30

a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court that was used to justify both sex discrimination and usage of labor laws. The case upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health

Answer 30

Muller v. Oregon

Question 31

The fire caused the deaths of 146 garment workers – 123 women and 23 men – who died from the fire, smoke inhalation, or falling or jumping to their deaths. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of better working conditions for sweatshop workers.

Answer 31

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Question 32

President Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program. His policies reflected three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.

Answer 32

Square-Deal

Question 33

Under President Theodore Roosevelt’s leadership, his Attorney General brought 44 suits against monopolists. Notably, J. P. Morgan's Northern Securities Company, a huge railroad combination, was broken up. Bad trusts were those deemed to stem competition and hurt consumers, while others were left alone because they were deemed no danger to consumers.

Answer 33

Trust Busting (good trust v. bad trust)

Question 34

an American writer who acquired particular fame for his classic muckraking novel The Jungle, which exposed labor and sanitary conditions in the U.S. meat packing industry, causing a public uproar that contributed in part to the passage a few months later of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act.

Answer 34

Upton Sinclair (The Jungle)

Question 35

first of a series of significant consumer protection laws enacted by Congress in the 20th century and led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration to inspect food.

Answer 35

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

Question 36

an American law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.

Answer 36

Meat Inspection Act

Question 37

Of all Roosevelt's achievements, he was proudest of his work in conservation of natural resources. He established the United States Forest Service, signed into law the creation of five National Parks, and also established bird reserves, four game preserves, and 150 National Forests.

Answer 37

Conservation of Public Lands

Question 38

the first Chief of the United States Forest Service from 1905 until his controversial firing in 1910. He worked closely with Roosevelt in conservation.

Answer 38

Gifford Pinchot

Question 39

an American third party formed by former President Theodore Roosevelt, after he lost the nomination of the Republican Party to his former protégé, President William Howard Taft, who had since become his political adversary. The new party was known for taking advanced positions on progressive reforms, and attracting some leading reformers. Beset by factionalism and failure to win many offices, the party went into rapid decline by 1914 and virtually disappeared in 1916.

Answer 39

Progressive Party (bull-moose)

Question 40

signed by President Wilson, it created and established the Federal Reserve System, a privately owned central banking system which has the authority to control the nation’s currency.

Answer 40

Federal Reserve Act (1914)

Question 41

a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as an organization to advance legal justice for African Americans. Its most notable founder was W. E. B. Du Bois.

Answer 41

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

Question 42

African Americans moving out of the south to mostly urban areas up north or out west for numerous reasons, notably jobs and avoiding racist discrimination. From 1910-1930 1 million moved out, 1940 and 1970 4 million made the move.

Answer 42

Great Migration

Question 43

a British ocean liner that a German submarine sank in World War I, causing a major diplomatic uproar. The sinking caused a storm of protest in the United States as 128 American citizens were among the dead.

Answer 43

Lusitania

Question 44

first woman in Congress, representing Montana. She took a brave stand of controversially being against both world wars, and fought and protested against wars up through the time of her death during the Vietnam War.

Answer 44

Jeanette Rankin

Question 45

secret diplomatic communication (sent via Western Union?) that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event of the United States' entering World War I against Germany. Revelation of the contents enraged American public opinion.

Answer 45

Zimmerman Telegram

Question 46

a type of naval warfare enacted by the Germans in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning to bring hardships upon Britain.

Answer 46

Submarine Warfare

Question 47

revolution in Russia that took the Russians out of WWI in 1917, which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the eventual rise of the Soviet Union.

Answer 47

Russian Revolution

Question 48

Acts passed to prevent opposition to the war effort, notably speech and the expression of opinions against the government or the war effort. It forbade the use of "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government. The constitutionality of the law, its relationship to free speech, and the meaning of its language have been contested in court ever since, and helped make Wilson unpopular.

Answer 48

Espionage ACt (1917) and Sedition Act (1919)

Question 49

a controversial United States Supreme Court case concerning enforcement of the Espionage Act of 1917 during World War I that permitted the government to censure free speech in the event that there is a clear and present danger.

Answer 49

Schenck v. The United States

Question 50

General that commanded the AEF (American Expeditionary Force) of the United States Army during World War I.

Answer 50

John Pershing

Question 51

authorized the federal government to raise a national army for the American entry into World War I through the compulsory enlistment (draft) of people.

Answer 51

Selective Service Act (1917)

Question 52

The main theatre of war during World War I in France where trench warfare was prominent. A combination of entrenchments, machine gun emplacements, barbed wire, and artillery repeatedly inflicted severe casualties on the attackers and counter-attacking defenders.

Answer 52

Western Front

Question 53

the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Answer 53

Treaty of Versailles

Question 54

outline of a policy of free trade, open agreements, democracy and self-determination to form a New World Order after WWI. Other members of the Big Four were skeptical of Wilson’s idealism.

Answer 54

Wilson's 14 points

Question 55

an intergovernmental organization founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace, but it failed- largely because the US did not enter after the Senate did not ratify the treaty that would have made the US a member. Forerunner to the UN.

Answer 55

League of Nations

Question 56

xenophobia after WWI that shifted the emphasis of “anarchists” being the main fear of society, to Bolshevik inspired communists being the new terrorist oriented bad guys.

Answer 56

First Red Scare

Question 57

occurred in the larger context of the Red Scare. They were a series of raids conducted by the United States Department of Justice to capture, arrest and deport suspected radical leftists. The raids and arrests occurred under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, and more than 500 foreign citizens were deported, although Palmer's ambitions were largely frustrated by officials at the U.S. Department of Labor, which had authority for deportations, but objected to Palmer's methods.

Answer 57

Palmer Raids

Question 58

Republican candidate that was chosen to run against the unpopular post WWI Democrats. He did not campaign very heavily, and was chosen as a compromise “safe” candidate, and became the president following Wilson.

Answer 58

Warren Harding

Question 59

a bribery incident that took place during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. The Secretary of the Interior had leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming and two other locations in California to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding.

Answer 59

Teapot Dome Scandal

Question 60

Republican Vice President that became president after President Harding died of a heart attack. He was pro-business and the economy enjoyed growth during his administration.

Answer 60

Calvin Coolidge

Question 61

Republican president that followed Calvin Coolidge. Although he too was pro-business like the former president, the economic bubble of growth that characterized the 1920’s burst during his presidency and he took much of the blame because it happened during his term in office.

Answer 61

Herbert Hoover

Question 62

Democratic nominee for president that ran against Hoover, but lost. He is memorable because he was the first Catholic to run for president at a time when bias- particularly in the South- was still strong enough to prevent that from happening.

Answer 62

Alfred Smith

Question 63

Ford revolutionized the efficiency of manufacturing by mechanically moving the semi-finished product from work station to work station, which made assembly faster, cheaper and with less labor.

Answer 63

Henry Ford Assembly Line

Question 64

a period in the 1920s, ending with the Great Depression, in which jazz music and dance styles became popular, and characterized the wildness of the era.

Answer 64

Jazz Age

Question 65

during the roaring 20’s, this arose as more people questioned the principles of right and wrong behavior and the goodness or badness of human character that had previously been defined by social norms and religion. This was largely inspired by psychologist Sigmund Freud who provided a scientific explanation of people’s sexual urges, so that what was previously considered inappropriate and immoral, could now be countered as animal instincts that were futile to repress.

Answer 65

Moral Revolution

Question 66

the generation reaching maturity during and just after World War I, characterized by such authors as Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald, whose themes mostly pertained to the writers' experiences, and reflected the era’s moral revolution. Some historians refer to this time period in the world as “The Age of Uncertainty.”

Answer 66

Lost Generation

Question 67

An African-American cultural movement of the 1920s and 1930s, centered in Harlem, that celebrated black traditions, the black voice, and black ways of life. Langston Hughes, American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri, is often remembered as one of the most famous artists of the movement.

Answer 67

Harlem Renaissance

Question 68

commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial. John T. Scopes was accused of violating Tennessee’s law which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school. The trial drew intense national publicity when William Jennings Bryan, three-time presidential candidate, argued for the prosecution, and Clarence Darrow, the famed defense attorney, spoke for Scopes. The trial publicized the Fundamentalist–Pist Controversy, which set Modernists, who said evolution was not inconsistent with religion, against Fundamentalists, who said the word of God as revealed in the Bible took priority over all human knowledge.

Answer 68

Scopes Trial

Question 69

The most famed mafia criminal of the 1920s that made his fortune off boot legging alcohol during prohibition.

Answer 69

Al Capone

Question 70

overturned prohibition (18th Amendment)

Answer 70

21st Amendment

Question 71

Italian-born American immigrants who were convicted of murder from an armed robbery in Massachusetts without sufficient evidence. The verdict seems tainted by bias against them because both men adhered to an anarchy ideology against oppressive government, and the judge in the case told them that despite a lack of evidence, their ideas were crimes against America. They were executed in the electric chair

Answer 71

Sacco And Vanzetti case

Question 72

Spurred by the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy and moral revolution, the Klan saw an upsurge in the 1920s. This was also inspired by the movie “Birth of a Nation” that reflected Klan sentiments, and won the admiration of President Wilson, who was from Virginia.

Answer 72

KKK resurgence

Question 73

October 29, 1929. On this date, share prices on the New York Stock Exchange completely collapsed, becoming a pivotal factor in the emergence of the Great Depression

Answer 73

Black Tuesday

Question 74

It is widely believed by economists today (including former Fed Chairman, Ben Bernanke) that the actions of the Fed- that were supposed to “stabilize” the economy- actually caused the depression and helped prolong it. While John Maynard Keynes said that an economies could be steered in the right direction through policy, this is a case that shows the danger of how central banks can also steer economies in the wrong direction.

Answer 74

Federal Reserve and the Depression

Question 75

Factories and farms were producing more goods than the people could afford to buy. As a result, prices fell, factories closed and workers were laid off.

Answer 75

Overproduction

Question 76

Buying on margin is the practice of buying stock without paying the full price. A person who is buying on margin pays a small percentage of the price of the stock and borrows the money to pay for the rest. About 90% of stock purchases were being made this way

Answer 76

Buying On Margin

Question 77

The Bonus Army, some 15,000 to 20,000 World War I veterans from across the country, marched on the Capitol in June 1932 to request early payment of cash bonuses due to them in 1945. Congress voted NOT to give them their bonuses, and the US Army, led by Douglas MacArthur, forcefully removed remaining protesters which was very disheartening to the American public

Answer 77

The Bonus Army March

Question 78

A group of government programs and policies established under President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s; the New Deal was designed to improve conditions for persons suffering in the Great Depression

Answer 78

The New Deal

Question 79

During the first hundred days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency, planned to put an end to the Great Depression that was allegedly caused by the policies of his predecessor, Herbert Hoover, by getting 15 major pieces of New Deal legislation passed. Thereafter, the first hundred days of a first-term President are referenced to measure the successes and accomplishments of a president during the time that the president's power and influence are at their greatest

Answer 79

First 100 days

Question 80

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is the U.S. government insuring deposits in the United States against bank failure. The FDIC was created in 1933 to maintain public confidence and encourage stability in the financial system through the promotion of sound banking practices

Answer 80

FDIC

Question 81

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter in 1933 to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development to the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly affected by the Great Depression

Answer 81

TVA

Question 82

The Supreme Court case that invalidated as unconstitutional a provision of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) that authorized the President to approve “codes of fair competition” for industries, in this case, the poultry industry

Answer 82

Schechter v US

Question 83

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a U.S. government agency that oversees securities transactions, activities of financial professionals and mutual fund trading to prevent fraud and intentional deception

Answer 83

SEC

Question 84

a federal insurance program funded by a direct tax on the income of Americans to provide benefits to retired people and those who are unemployed or disabled. It was monumental in the sense that the government took the step in taking direct responsibility for the financial welfare of its citizens

Answer 84

Social Security

Question 85

Works Progress Administration was the largest and most ambitious American New Deal agency, employing millions of people

Answer 85

WPA

Question 86

British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments. He overturned the then-prevailing idea that free markets naturally adjust themselves, and replaced it with an ideal that deficit government spending can bring balance. Considered to be one of the most influential economists of the 20th century

Answer 86

John Maynard Keyes

Question 87

Roosevelt submitted the Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937, to allow Associate Justices to the Supreme Court to be appointed for every sitting member over the age of 70-and-one-half years of age, up to a maximum of six. Many attacked his idea as a plan to undermine checks and balances, and fight back against the conservative supreme court that had ruled many of his New deal programs as unconstitutional (such as the NIRA)

Answer 87

Supreme Court Reorganization Plan

Question 88

the name given to the Great Plains region devastated by drought in 1930s depression-ridden America

Answer 88

Dust Bowl

Question 89

an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization exemplified by the Axis Powers

Answer 89

Facism

Question 90

the group of countries that signed the Tripartite Act in 1940, consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan

Answer 90

Axis Powers

Question 91

The four nations that recurred as the main forces of the Allied Powers in both wars were France, Russia/USSR, the United Kingdom and the United States

Answer 91

Allied Powers

Question 92

In an effort to avoid open conflict with Germany, the democracies adopted this policy, which allowed Hitler to get away with relatively small acts of aggression and expansion. Neville Chamberlin was famous for saying he had achieved, “peace in our time,” but was heavily criticized by Winston Churchill

Answer 92

Appeasement

Question 93

The use of air power and fast moving tanks in warfare aka "lightning war." Germany successfully used this tactic against Poland and France

Answer 93

Blitzkrieg

Question 94

Concluded in 1934 that the main reason for US participation in the world war was to serve the greed of bankers and arms manufacturers; established by Senator Gerald Nye

Answer 94

Nye Committee

Question 95

Passed in wake of the Nye Committee when the US was particularly anti-war. 1935: Authorized the president to prohibit all arms shipments to belligerent nations; 1936) Forbade the extension of loans and credits to belligerents; 1937) Forbade the shipment of arms to the opposing sides in the civil war in Spain

Answer 95

Neutrality Acts

Question 96

An Act that replaced the Cash and Carry idea; it allowed Britain to obtain all the US arms it needed on credit

Answer 96

Lend-Lease Act

Question 97

On December 7, 1941, the Japanese bombed the US naval base in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii. This attack targeted the US Congress' decision to declare war on Japan at the request of Roosevelt. Three days later, the other Axis powers declared war on the United States

Answer 97

Pearl Harbor

Question 98

a top-secret project that employed over 100,000 people and spent $2 billion to develop a weapon whose power came from the splitting of the atom

Answer 98

Manhattan Project

Question 99

the forced relocation and incarceration in camps in the interior of the country of between 110,000 and 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry, most of whom lived on the Pacific coast during WWII

Answer 99

Japanese Internment

Question 100

Rosie the Riveter is an allegorical cultural icon in the United States who represents the women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II, many of whom produced munitions and war supplies. These women sometimes took entirely new jobs replacing the male workers who joined the military

Answer 100

“Rosie the Riveter”

Question 101

Roosevelt's replacement for too-radical VP Henry Wallace; A Missouri senator with a national reputation for having conducted a much-publicized investigation of war spending

Answer 101

Harry Truman

Question 102

The US General that led Operation Torch in November of 1942 in an effort to seize North Africa from Germany, and then Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Europe

Answer 102

Eisenhower

Question 103

The general who commanded army units in the southern Pacific

Answer 103

MacArthur

Question 104

The leading US admiral who adopted the strategy of "island-hopping" to enable the Allied powers to get within fighting range of the Japanese islands

Answer 104

Nimitz

Question 105

One of two decisive battles against Japan that marked the turning point in the war; the interception and decoding of Japanese messages enabled US forces to destroy four Japanese carriers and 300 planes

Answer 105

Battle of Midway

Question 106

(NOTE: not official term. Missing definition on sheet.) a major battle on the Eastern Front where Nazi Germany and its allies unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (later renamed to Volgograd) in Southern Russia. Was the deadliest battle to take place during the Second World War, with an estimated 2 million total casualties. Regarded as the turning point in the European Theatre of war, as it forced the German High Command to withdraw considerable military forces to replace German losses on the Eastern Front.

Answer 106

Stalingrad

Question 107

the date the Allied drive to liberate France began, with the largest invasion by sea in history. On this day, British, Canadian, and US forces under the command of General Eisenhower secured several beachheads on the Normandy coast

Answer 107

D-Day - June 6, 1944

Question 108

A weapon whose power came from the splitting of the atom; it was successfully tested on July 15, 1945 at Alamogordo, New Mexico and then used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Answer 108

A-Bomb

Question 109

The leaders of the US, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain who arranged to confer secretly to coordinate their military strategies and to lay the foundation for peace terms

Answer 109

Big Three

Question 110

The peacekeeping organization that was conceived during WWII and put in place immediately after the war. Ratified on October 24, 1945

Answer 110

UN (United Nations)

Question 111

(NOTE: not official term. Missing definition on sheet.) the military strategy, used by the Allies in World War II, of concentrating on Japanese islands which were not well defended

Answer 111

Island-Hopping

Question 112

(NOTE: not official term. Missing definition on sheet.) codenamed Operation Iceberg, it was a major battle of the Pacific War fought on the island of Okinawa by the US Army and US Marine Corps against the Imperial Japanese Army. The initial invasion of Okinawa on 1 April 1945 was the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific Theater of World War II.

Answer 112

Battle of Okinawa