unit 7 test

Question 1

The economic and political policies of the Roosevelt administration in the 1930s.

Answer 1

New Deal

Question 2

Shantytown, sarcastically named after President Hoover, in which unemployed and homeless people live in makeshift shacks, tents, and boxes. Hoovervilles cropped up in many cities in 1930 and 1931

Answer 2

Hooverville

Question 3

The nation’s worst economic crisis, extending throughout the 1930s, producing unprecedented bank failures, unemployment, and industrial and agricultural collapse and prompting an expanded role for the federal government.

Answer 3

Great Depression

Question 4

Speeches broadcast nationally over the radio in which President Franklin Roosevelt explained complex issues and programs in plain language, as though his listeners were gathered around the fireside with him.

Answer 4

Fireside chats

Question 4

A group of unemployed veterans who demonstrated in Washington for the payment of service bonuses, only to be dispersed violently by the U.S. Army in 1932.

Answer 4

Bonus Army

Question 4

German war tactic in World War 2 (“lightning war”) involving the concentration of air and armored firepower to punch and exploit holes in opposing defensive lines

Answer 4

Blitzkrieg

Question 4

Japanese goal of an East Asain economy controlled by Japan and serving the needs of Japanese industry

Answer 4

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Question 4

Subscribing to a philosophy of governmental dictatorship that merges the interests of the state, armed forces, and big business; associated with the dictatorship of Italian leader Benito Mussolini between 1922 and 1943 and also often applied to Nazi Germany.

Answer 4

Fascist government

Question 4

The opponents of the United States and its allies in World War 2. The Rome-Berlin-Axis was formed between Germany and Italy in 1936 and included Japan after 1940

Answer 4

Axis Powers

Question 5

Program begun in 1941 through which the United States transferred military equipment to Britain and other World War 2 allies.

Answer 5

Lend-Lease Act Program

Question 6

Statement of common principles and war aims developed by the President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill at a meeting in August 1941

Answer 6

Atlantic Charter

Question 7

In World War 1, Britain, France, Russia, and other belligerent nations fighting against the central Powers but not including the United States, which insisted upon being merely an associated nation. In World War 2, the Allie fighting the Axis Powers included the United States as well as the Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, China, and other nations.

Answer 7

Allies

Question 8

The area of military operations in World War 2 located East of Germany in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union

Answer 8

Eastern Front

Question 9

The long struggle between German submarines and the British and U.S. navies in the North Atlantic from 1940 to 1943

Answer 9

Battle of the Atlantic

Question 10

United States and British invasion of France and June 1944 during World War 2.

Answer 10

Operation OVERLORD

Question 10

June 6, 1944, the day of the first paratroop drops and amphibious landings on the coast of Normandy France, in the first stage of Operation OVERLORD during World War 2.

Answer 10

D-Day

Question 10

The effort, using the code name Manhattan Engineer District, to develop an atomic bomb under the management of the U.S. Army corps of Engineers during World War 2.

Answer 10

Manhattan Project

Question 11

The systematic murder of millions of European Jews and other deemed undesirable by Nazi Germany

Answer 11

Holocaust

Question 12

IN the Pacific Theater during World War 2, the strategy in which U.S. forces seized selected Japanese-held islands by bypassing and isolating other islands held by Japan.

Answer 12

Island Hopping

Question 13

Meeting of U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt, British prime minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet premier Joseph Stalin held in February 1945 to plan the final stages of World War 2 and postwar arrangements

Answer 13

Yalta Conference

Question 14

Statement issued by the United States during a meeting of U.S. president Harry Truman, British prime minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet premier Joseph Stalin held at Potsdam, near Berlin, in July 1945 to plan the defeat of Japan and the future of Eastern Europe and Germany. IN it, the Untied States declared its intention to democratize the Japanese political system and reintroduce Japan into the international community and gave Japan an opening for surrender.

Answer 14

Potsdam Declaration

Question 15

The political and economic confrontation between the Soviet Union and the Untied States that dominated world affairs from 1946 to 1989.

Answer 15

Cold War

Question 16

Federal legislation of 1947 that substantially limited the tools available to labor unions in labor-management disputes

Answer 16

Taft-Harley Act

Question 17

Legislation in June 1944 that eased the return of veterans into American society by providing educational and employment benefits.

Answer 17

GI Bill of Rights

Question 18

Any of three large suburban housing developments built in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey in the late 1940s and 1950s

Answer 18

Levittown

Question 19

Restricting mortgage credit and insurance for properties in neighborhoods defined as being high risk

Answer 19

Redlining

Question 20

Southern Democrats who broke from the party in 1948 over the issue of civil rights and ran a presidential ticket as the States’ Rights Democrats

Answer 20

Dixiecrats

Question 21

President Harry Truman’s statement in 1947 that the United States should assist other nations that were facing external pressure or internal revolution; an important step in the escalation of the Cold War.

Answer 21

Truman Doctrine

Question 22

The European Recovery Program (1948-1951) that provided U.S. economic assistance to European nations; named for Secretary of State George Marshall

Answer 22

Marshall Plan

Question 23

A 300-day Soviet blockade of land access to U.S., Britain, and French occupation zones in Berlin, 1948-1949.

Answer 23

Berlin Blockade

Question 24

The formal policymaking body for national defense and foreign relations, created in 1947 and consisting of the President, the secretary of defense, the secretary of state, and other appointed by the president.

Answer 24

National Security Council (NSC)

Question 25

Military alliance of the United States, Canada, and European nations created in 1949 to protect Europe against possible Soviet aggression.

Answer 25

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Question 26

Policy statement that committed the United States to a military approach to the Cold War.

Answer 26

National Security Council Paper 68 (NSC-68)

Question 27

Military alliance of the Soviet union and Communist nations of Eastern Europe from 1955 to 1989.

Answer 27

Warsaw Pact

Question 28

The policy of resisting further expansion of the Soviet bloc through diplomacy and, if necessary, military action, developed in 1947-1948.

Answer 28

Containment

Question 29

Congressional committee (1938-1973) that investigated suspected Nazi and Communist sympathizers

Answer 29

House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)

Question 29

Anti-Communist attitudes and actions associated with Senator Joe McCarthy in the early 1950s, including smear tactics and innuendo

Answer 29

McCarthyism

Question 30

100 Days

Answer 30

Refers to the first 100 days of FDR’s presidency in which he passed several bills to counter the Great Depression and to revive the economy. Such as passing a large body of legislation, addressing the banking crisis, and starting fireside chats to explain complex issues to the general public

Question 31

Dust Bowl

Answer 31

Result of poor agricultural practices, extended drought, unusually high temperatures and high winds, coupled with economic depression. Lasted from early to mid 1930’s.

Question 32

What was Hoover’s strategy for fighting the depression.

Answer 32

Hoover relied heavily on voluntary relief such as charities and organizations, instead of government action. He pushed through a tax cut and established the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to fund the recovery from the Great Depression through government loans

Question 33

Causes of the Great Depression?

Answer 33

Unequal distribution of income/limited purchasing power, lack of a firm economical base, stock market crash of 1929.

Question 33

Black Cabinet

Answer 33

African American federal employees in the executive branch during FDR’s presidency. They began to meet informally in an unofficial Federal Council of Negro Affairs to try to influence federal policy on race issues.

Question 33

What was Black Tuesday?

Answer 33

The start of the stock market crash, investors traded millions of stocks all within the same day, led to the Great Depression.

Question 34

Rationale for dropping the atomic bombs

Answer 34

The US believed they would kill less people and be more intimidating towards the Japanese if they dropped the bombs instead of a full scale invasion.

Question 35

British/French response to Hitler’s expansion

Answer 35

Was first a passive response and one of appeasement, in which they would give him pieces of land if he promised not to be aggressive, like the Sudetenlands. Soon changed after Hitler invaded Poland

Question 36

Axis military missteps (invading USSR Pearl Harbor)

Answer 36

One major misstep was Germany invading Russia despite a non aggression pact because it had caused a two front war. Japan also mistepped in dragging the US into the war by bombing Pearl Harbor. Finally, they mist stepped in bombing civilian targets in Britain rather than strategic targets

Question 37

Foreign Policy: Truman Doctrine/Post-War dealings with Japan

Answer 37

The Truman doctrine stated that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces. After the war the US began the process of helping to bring Japan back into the international community by strengthening military, political and economic ties

Question 37

Creation of the Council of Economic Advisers: Purpose and Impact

Answer 37

Established by the Employment Act to assist the president on economic policy. They helped put the federal government at the center of economic planning.

Question 38

Impact of returning soldiers on the domestic economy

Answer 38

One major negative effect was that there were not enough houses for returning soldiers. However, a positive effect was that the college rate increased in the US. It also overall boosted the economy because of a large amount of workers returning home.

Question 39

Impact of WW2 on size of the U.S. Government (budget, number of employees, new departments)

Answer 39

The government created more programs and agencies to support the war effort, which led to more federal employees than the United States had ever employed. An example of one of these agencies was the CIA. The budget also went up significantly.

Question 40

Levvitown

Answer 40

Postwar, America faced housing shortages. To combat this, the VA and FHA allowed veterans to get mortgage loans without a down payment. To provide housing, William Levit built 2,000 800 square ft houses. By 1951, there were more than 17,000 Levittown houses. African Americans were discriminated and excluded from the new housing. Federal housing industries and private industry worsened this problem by redlining older neighborhoods

Question 41

Allied strategy (European Theater vs. Pacific Theater)

Answer 41

In the Pacific Theater, they used the strategy of Island hopping where they went island to island slowly freeing each one from Japanese Tyranny.
In Europe, there were many different strategies that were thought of, used, and failed. For example, when attacking through the south of Europe through Italy, Allies used a second front in Russia. Ultimately it was decided to attack Germany in Europe in Normandy, France. They also attacked Germany before they attacked Japan.

Question 42

What are 10 New Deal Programs?

Answer 42

civilian conservation corps-provided work relief on reforestation and conservation projects, glass-steagall-separated commerical and investment banking/guarnteed bank deposits, tennessee valley authority act-provided for the planned development , home owners loan act, emergency banking act, agricultural adjustment act, emergency farm mortgage act, national industrial recovery act, federal emergency relief act, farm credit act, securities act, wagner-peyser act