Unit 7: Solution & Solubility

Question 1

A solution is

Answer 1

a homogenous mixture that exists in one phase. –> It has a uniform composition throughout the sample

Question 2

A solute is

Answer 2

a substance dissolved in another substance, usually the component in the lesser amount

Question 3

A solvent is

Answer 3

a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution

Question 4

Miscible:

Answer 4

Miscibility is the property of two substances to mix in all proportions, forming a homogeneous mixture. Such substances are said to be miscible.

Question 5

Immiscible

Answer 5

the components don’t mix in any proportion. EX, water & oil

Question 6

Concentrated

Answer 6

• a solution that has a relatively high quantity of solute compared to the volume of solution
• it can dissolve a little more solute

Question 7

Dilute

Answer 7

• a solution with a low quantity of solute compared to the volume of solution
• it can dissolve a lot more solute
• a solution becomes dilute when more solvent is added

Question 8

The word “soluble” means that

Answer 8

more than 0.1 mole of the solute will dissolve in 1L of solution at 25 degrees Celsius

Question 9

“low solubility” means that

Answer 9

less than 0.1mole of solute will dissolve in 1L of solution at 25 degrees Celsius
- this does not mean that the substance is insoluble, but just that very little can dissolve

Question 10

Solubility is

Answer 10

the maximum amount of a substance (solute) that can dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a given temp
- it’s expressed as the mass of solute (in grams) that can dissolve in 100g (100mL) of water at a given temp

Question 11

Unsaturated Solution

Answer 11

contains less than the maximum amount of solute it can dissolve at a given temp

Question 12

Saturated Solution

Answer 12

contains the maximum amount of solute it can dissolve at a given temp

Question 13

Supersaturated solution

Answer 13

contains more than the maximum amount of solute it can dissolve at a given temp

Question 14

Solubility depends on temp

Answer 14

• the solubility of most solids increases as the temp of the solution increases
• the solubility of gases decreases as the temp increases –> Ex. air bubble rise as the temp of water goes up. Air becomes less soluble in hot water

Question 15

Dilution is

Answer 15

the process of decreasing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent. –> Ex, adding 1 can of concentrated oj to 3 cans of water, would be diluting it by a factor by 4.

Question 16

properties of Acids & Bases

Answer 16

• they are water-soluble & share some properties with ionic compounds
• they dissolve in water & dissociates into positive & negative ions through ionization
• the presence of positive & negative ions in the solution accounts for the flow of electricity –> therefore they are called electrolytes

Question 17

Ionization

Answer 17

is the process in which ions are formed from electrically neutral molecules (or atoms)

Question 18

Arrhenius definition of acids

Answer 18

A compound that ionizes to produce H+ ions in water

Question 19

Arrhenius definition of bases

Answer 19

A compound that ionizes to produce hydroxide OH+ ions in water

Question 20

The pH Scale

Answer 20

pH= power of H.
It measures the amount of H+ ions (acidity) on a solution