Unit 7 - Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What are the most elements found in organic compounds?

Answer 1

“CHONPS”

Question 2

What are the different types of Hydrocarbons?

Answer 2

1. Alkanes - no double or triple bonds between C atoms
2. Alkenes- one or more double bonds between C atoms
3. Alkynes - one or more triple bonds between C atoms

Question 3

Which hydrocarbons are UNsaturated?

Answer 3

Alkenes and Alkynes

Question 4

List the prefixes when naming hydrocarbons.

Answer 4

of C atoms = prefix

1: Meth-
2: Eth-
3: Prop-
4: But-
5: Pent-
6: Hex-
7: Hept-
8: Oct-
9: Non-
10: Dec-

Question 5

What rules apply when naming cycloalkanes?

Answer 5

Same rules as hydrocarbons except the prefix “cyclo-“ is added

*it has a ring structure

Question 6

What are structural isomers?

Answer 6

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Ex. C6H14 can be known as:

• Hexane
• 2-methylpentane
• 3-methylpentane
• 2, 2-dimethylbutane
• 2, 3-dimethylbutane

Question 7

What must be remembered with Alkenes/alkynes?

Answer 7

• longest chain with a triple or double bond will act as parent chain
• indicate location of double/triple bond in name
• carbons are counted starting at the end closest to the double/triple bond

Question 8

What are Geometric isomers?

Answer 8

Alkenes can have same structure but diff. orientation across a double bond or a cycloalkane

• cis = Hydrogens in same side of double bond
• Trans = Hydrogens in diff. side of double bond

Question 9

What is produced in an incomplete combustion?

Answer 9

Carbon or Carbon Monoxide

Question 10

What is Substitution?

Answer 10

Replacement of an atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule

Question 11

What is Addition?

Answer 11

When an unsaturated organic compound becomes saturated by the addition of an atom or group of atoms

Ex. Halogenation:
• Ethene + Cl2 -> 1, 2 dichloroethane

*removes double and triple bonds

Question 12

What is Elimination?

Answer 12

Forms double or triple bond by removing an atom or groups of atoms

Question 13

What is Esterification?

Answer 13

Reaction between an organic acid and an alcohol to produce an ester

Ex. Butanoic acid + ethanol -> ethyl butanoate + water

Question 14

What is Polymerization?

Answer 14

A large molecule composed of many repeating sub-units

Ex. DNA: Nucleotide polymer

Ex. Proteins: Amino Acid polymer

Ex. Polyethylene: Ethylene polymer