Unit 7: Meiosis Flashcards
________ is nulcear division that leads to halving of _____________.
Meiosis is nuclear division that leads to halving of chromosome number.
What is fertilization?
Reproductive cells, sperm, and egg unite to form a new individual.
What are gametes?
They are reproductive cells.
How many chromosomes do gametes have?
Gametes must contain half the chromosome number.
When is the number of chromosomes that gametes have restored?
At fertilization, the full chromosome number is restored.
In meiosis, each diploid cell has ___________ chromosomes.
In meiosis, each diploid cell has two homologous chromosomes.
In meiosis, homologous chromosomes have identical _____ and ______ but may have different ______.
In meiosis, homologous chromosomes have identical genes and gene order but may have different alleles.
What is an allele?
An allele is a version of a gene. Each gene can have many different alleles. (Ex. You inherit two alleles for each gene one from your mother and one from your father. If you inherit a brown eye allele from one parent and a blue eye allele from the other, the brown allele (dominant) will determine your eye color.)
Homologous Chromosomes may contain different __________ of the same _____.
Homologous chromosomes may contain different alleles of the same gene.
What’s an example of alleles versus genes with eye color?
Homologous chromosomes can have two of the same genes that code for eye color. One allele for red eyes, the other gene for purple eyes.
What is a karyotype?
A karyotype identifies the number and types of
chromosomes present in a species.
What are diploid cells?
- They have two homologs of each chromosome.
- They have two alleles of each gene
What are haploid cells?
- They have only one of each type of chromosome.
- They have just one allele of each gene.
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Produce genetically identical cells for growth/maintenance.
Location of mitosis?
Somatic cells.
How many rounds of DNA replication/ cell division occur in mitosis?
One round of division following one round of DNA replication.
In mitosis, when do sister chromatids attach to spindle fibers?
Attach to spindle fibers from opposite poles in metaphase. Separate and migrate to opposite poles at anaphase.
What is the final product of mitosis?
Two genetically identical diploid daughter cells that continue to divide by mitosis.
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To produce gametes four sexual reproduction that are genetically different.
What is the location of meiosis?
Germ-line cells.
How many rounds of DNA replication/ cell division occur in meiosis?
Two rounds of division (meiosis I and meiosis II) following a single round of DNA replication.
In meiosis, when do sister chromatids attach to spindle fibers?
-Attach to spindle fibers from the opposite poles in metaphase I. Migrate to the opposite pole in anaphase I.
-Attach to spindle fibers from opposite poles in metaphase II. Separate and migrate to opposite poles in anaphase II.
What is the product of meiosis?
Four genetically different haploid cells that mature to form gametes and unite to for diploid zygotes.
What are chromosomes?
Structure made up of DNA and proteins; carries the cell’s
hereditary information
(genes).