UNIT 7: KARYOTYPING Flashcards
Types of banding
Reveals polymorphisms on chromosomes
3, 4, 13, 14, 15, 21, 22, Y
Q-banding
Types of banding
Permanent stain; For simple photography
G-banding
Giemsa & Wright
Types of banding
Visualization of ends of chromosomes and positive R-bands
R-banding
Types of banding
ID of inactive, late-replicating X chromosome
Replication banding
Types of banding
Types of replication banding (2)
Hoescht
Hoescht and Giemsa
Types of banding
Types of R-banding (2)
Giemsa (RHG)
CH3/DA
Types of banding
ID of all centromeric and distal Y heterochromatin
C-banding
Types of banding
Reveals polymorphisms including heterochromatin inversions
C-banding
Types of banding
Evaluation of ring and dicentric chromosomes
C-banding
Types of banding
ID of active NOR
NOR banding
Types of banding
Reveals polymorphisms and rearrangements of acrocentric chromosomes
NOR banding
Types of banding
ID of centromeric heterochromatin regions of 1, 9, 15, 16, and Y
DA-DAPI staining
Types of banding
Uses fluorescence microscope (4)
Q-banding
R-banding (CH3/DA)
Replication banding (Hoescht)
DA-DAPI staining
Types of banding
Stains the entire long arm of Y chromsome
C-banding
Types of banding
Results from heat treatment in a phosphate buffer
R-banding
Types of banding
Denaturation with barium hydroxide
Results from alkali treatment
C-banding
Types of banding
Not used in plants
G-banding
Types of banding
Superior banding pattern for plants
NOR banding
Types of banding
Washed with sodium citrate for denaturing
C-banding
Types of banding
Identification of chromosomes particularly in insects and plants
C-banding
Types of banding
Identification of bivalents at diakenesis
C-banding
Types of banding
Used in paternity testing
C-banding
Information that can be identified in a Karyotype (4)
Size of chromosomes
Position of centromere
Presence of secondary constrictions
Size of satellites
The study of whole sets of chromosomes
Karyology
PHA is also called?
Lectin
Mitogen that stimulates mitosis
Phytohemagglutinin
Lysing agent that eliminates RBCs and swells lymphocytes
Potassium Chloride (KCl)
Short exposure with high concentration of colcemid increases or decreases the total yield of metaphase chromosomes?
Decreases
Basic amino acids digested by Trypsin
Arg and Lys
The first attempt to provide nomenclature for chromosome banding in any species
Paris report (1971)
The first band that ushered a new erra of chromosome banding
Q-banding
T/F
In Q-banding, AT-rich regions quenches the dye but not the fluorescence
False
GC-rich regions
Types of banding
Used in study of chromosome heteromorphism
Q-banding
Absorbs the light of a particular wavelength due to a chemical bond formed between dye and light
Chromophore
Proportion of metacentric, acrocentric chromosomes in a set
Degree of asymmetry
The process of pairing and ordering all the chromosomes of an organism, thus providing a genome-wide snapshot of an individual’s chromosomes
Karyotyping
Karyotyping
Serve as nutrients of the cells to maintain viability (3)
Cell culture medium
Fetal bovine serum (BFS)
Supplemented penicillin-streptomycin antibiotics
Prevents microbial contamination in RPMI medium
Supplemented penicillin-streptomycin antibiotics
Cells with high proliferative index are treated with
Short exposure
High concentration of colcemid
Cells with low proliferative index are treated with
Long/Overnight exposure
Low concentration of colcemid
Cell pellets are resuspended in warm ____ ____ after centrifugation
Hypotonic solution
KCl or Sodium citrate
Used for enrichment of long (prometaphase) chromosomes (3)
Actinomycin D
Ethidium bromide
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)
Cells are arrested at what phase during when treated with excess amount of BrdU overnight
S phase
Ratio of methanol:glacial acetic acid
3:1
Albumin overlay for the cells in cell culture
Fetal Bovine Serum
