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CYTO (2nd-3rd Shifting) > UNIT 7: KARYOTYPING > Flashcards

UNIT 7: KARYOTYPING Flashcards

1
Q

Types of banding

Reveals polymorphisms on chromosomes
3, 4, 13, 14, 15, 21, 22, Y

A

Q-banding

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2
Q

Types of banding

Permanent stain; For simple photography

A

G-banding

Giemsa & Wright

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3
Q

Types of banding

Visualization of ends of chromosomes and positive R-bands

A

R-banding

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4
Q

Types of banding

ID of inactive, late-replicating X chromosome

A

Replication banding

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5
Q

Types of banding

Types of replication banding (2)

A

Hoescht
Hoescht and Giemsa

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6
Q

Types of banding

Types of R-banding (2)

A

Giemsa (RHG)
CH3/DA

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7
Q

Types of banding

ID of all centromeric and distal Y heterochromatin

A

C-banding

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8
Q

Types of banding

Reveals polymorphisms including heterochromatin inversions

A

C-banding

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9
Q

Types of banding

Evaluation of ring and dicentric chromosomes

A

C-banding

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10
Q

Types of banding

ID of active NOR

A

NOR banding

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11
Q

Types of banding

Reveals polymorphisms and rearrangements of acrocentric chromosomes

A

NOR banding

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12
Q

Types of banding

ID of centromeric heterochromatin regions of 1, 9, 15, 16, and Y

A

DA-DAPI staining

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13
Q

Types of banding

Uses fluorescence microscope (4)

A

Q-banding
R-banding (CH3/DA)
Replication banding (Hoescht)
DA-DAPI staining

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14
Q

Types of banding

Stains the entire long arm of Y chromsome

A

C-banding

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15
Q

Types of banding

Results from heat treatment in a phosphate buffer

A

R-banding

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16
Q

Types of banding

Denaturation with barium hydroxide

Results from alkali treatment

A

C-banding

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17
Q

Types of banding

Not used in plants

A

G-banding

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18
Q

Types of banding

Superior banding pattern for plants

A

NOR banding

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19
Q

Types of banding

Washed with sodium citrate for denaturing

A

C-banding

20
Q

Types of banding

Identification of chromosomes particularly in insects and plants

A

C-banding

21
Q

Types of banding

Identification of bivalents at diakenesis

A

C-banding

22
Q

Types of banding

Used in paternity testing

A

C-banding

23
Q

Information that can be identified in a Karyotype (4)

A

Size of chromosomes
Position of centromere
Presence of secondary constrictions
Size of satellites

24
Q

The study of whole sets of chromosomes

A

Karyology

25
Q

PHA is also called?

A

Lectin

26
Q

Mitogen that stimulates mitosis

A

Phytohemagglutinin

27
Q

Lysing agent that eliminates RBCs and swells lymphocytes

A

Potassium Chloride (KCl)

28
Q

Short exposure with high concentration of colcemid increases or decreases the total yield of metaphase chromosomes?

A

Decreases

29
Q

Basic amino acids digested by Trypsin

A

Arg and Lys

30
Q

The first attempt to provide nomenclature for chromosome banding in any species

A

Paris report (1971)

31
Q

The first band that ushered a new erra of chromosome banding

A

Q-banding

32
Q

T/F

In Q-banding, AT-rich regions quenches the dye but not the fluorescence

A

False

GC-rich regions

33
Q

Types of banding

Used in study of chromosome heteromorphism

A

Q-banding

34
Q

Absorbs the light of a particular wavelength due to a chemical bond formed between dye and light

A

Chromophore

35
Q

Proportion of metacentric, acrocentric chromosomes in a set

A

Degree of asymmetry

36
Q

The process of pairing and ordering all the chromosomes of an organism, thus providing a genome-wide snapshot of an individual’s chromosomes

A

Karyotyping

37
Q

Karyotyping

Serve as nutrients of the cells to maintain viability (3)

A

Cell culture medium
Fetal bovine serum (BFS)
Supplemented penicillin-streptomycin antibiotics

38
Q

Prevents microbial contamination in RPMI medium

A

Supplemented penicillin-streptomycin antibiotics

39
Q

Cells with high proliferative index are treated with

A

Short exposure
High concentration of colcemid

40
Q

Cells with low proliferative index are treated with

A

Long/Overnight exposure
Low concentration of colcemid

41
Q

Cell pellets are resuspended in warm ____ ____ after centrifugation

A

Hypotonic solution

KCl or Sodium citrate

42
Q

Used for enrichment of long (prometaphase) chromosomes (3)

A

Actinomycin D
Ethidium bromide
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)

43
Q

Cells are arrested at what phase during when treated with excess amount of BrdU overnight

A

S phase

44
Q

Ratio of methanol:glacial acetic acid

A

3:1

45
Q

Albumin overlay for the cells in cell culture

A

Fetal Bovine Serum

CYTO (2nd-3rd Shifting) (5 decks)

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