Unit 7- Immume System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Agent that causes diseases - virus, bacterium, fungus, multicelluar parasites

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2
Q

Define antigen

A

A substances that binds to receptors of B cells, antibodies or T cells
- foreign antigens stimulate an immune response

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3
Q

Define infected cells

A

The pathogen has entered the cell and has hijacked the host machinery to make copies of itself
- in the surface of the cell

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4
Q

What includes the innate (1st) defense system?

A

Macrophages, mast cells, Natural killers

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5
Q

What do macrophages do?

A

Destroys microbios, releases cytokines, a phagocytic cell

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6
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

Part of innate system- kill bacteria and die( puss)

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7
Q

What do natural killer cells do?

A

Recognize who to kill by lack of MHCI- name tag destroy me button on

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8
Q

What do mast cells do,

A

Mast cells are cells in the injury site that are injured release histamine cells which cause inflammation. Attracting phagocytic cells

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9
Q

What is the role of MHCs?

A
  • MHC II are utilized to show the immune system when the cell has been invaded by a virus
  • MHC I are utilized to show which cells are in fact part of the body or not
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10
Q

What includes the Adaptive Immunity?

A

Cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, B cells

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11
Q

B cells

A

Make antibodies, mature in bone marrow, type of white cell, they hang in the lymph system determine friend from foe until they find the specific antigen

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12
Q

T- cells

A

Are creatures in bone marrow and mature in the thyme, train B- cells, activate tired macrophages, no memory cells, call in cytokine

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13
Q

Antobodies

A

They can neutralize a pathogen by attaching to the surface, attach in a process called agglutination so macrophages can eat them , effector cells realesee 2,000 antibodies per second for 4-5 days until pathogens die.

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14
Q

Which immune system response could best be characterized as adaptive ?

A

After the first exposure to an antigen, memory b- lymphocytes are produced to recognize the same antigen upon a second exposure

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15
Q

What is the main deference between innate and adaptive defense?

A

The ability to remember specific pathogen

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16
Q

What is the difference between active and passive immunity ?

A

Passive- antibodies are given rather than produced, are temporary
Active - the persons own body produce antibodies in response to the presence of pathogen

17
Q

Examples of passive immunity

A

Nursing, antibodies are borrowed, receiving plasma ( monoclonal antibodies), short term (Band aid) immunity

18
Q

Example of active immunity

A

Vaccinations, long term immunity, individuals make their own antibodies by being exposed to sickness

19
Q

Difference between antigen SHIFT and antigenic DRIFT?

A

Antigenic SHIFT- is a completely new sub type of virus that requires animal antigens
ANTIGENIC DRIFT- when viruses have small mutations in their antigen over time

20
Q

Each individual lymphocyte displays at least _____ special protein receptors on its surface?

A

10,000

21
Q

A virus enters a cell by first attaching to one of the __ __________ proteins. The cell develops the virus. The virus take over the protein making organelles, called the ____.

A

18, hemagglutinin, ribosomes

22
Q

How do vaccines work-

A

By stimulating an organisms immune system to develop antibodies against a particular antigen. Developing a vaccine involves producing an antigen that can be introduced into an organism , causing a immune response without causing a diseases associated with the antigen