UNIT 7 Hormones Flashcards
oxytocin
ORIGIN: Hypothalamus/ neurohypophysis
TARGET: Uterus, mammary glands, and brain cells
ACTION: stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth, the mammary glands to release milk, and promotes social connections.
antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)
ORIGIN: hypothalamus/ neurohypophysis
TARGET: kidneys
ACTION: stimulates the kidneys to conserve water to limit the amount released in urine
releasing hormones
ORIGIN: hypothalamus
TARGET: adenohypophysis
ACTION: stimulate adenohypophysis
growth hormone
(GH)
ORIGIN: adenohypophysis
TARGET: primarily bones and muscles
ACTION: promotes growth
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
ORIGIN: adenohypophysis
TARGET: adrenal cortex
ACTION: stimulates adrenal cortex
cortisol
ORIGIN: adrenal cortex
TARGET: cells in many organs
ACTION: stimulates metabolism and inhibits inflammation; a glucocorticoid (class of hormones produced by the adrenal cortex.
epinephrine/
adrenaline
ORIGIN: adrenal medulla
TARGET: cells in many organs
ACTION: stimulates fight-or-flight in response to stress
insulin
ORIGIN: pancreas
TARGET: most cells in the body
ACTION: stimulates cells to take in glucose thereby decreasing blood sugar levels
glucagon
ORIGIN: pancreas
TARGET: primarily liver cells
ACTION: stimulates the process of gluconeogenesis to increase blood glucose levels
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
ORIGIN: adenohypophysis
TARGET: thyroid gland
ACTION: stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T4 and T3
triiodothyronine (T3)
and thyroxine (T4)
ORIGIN: thyroid gland
TARGET: cells throughout the body
ACTION: stimulate metabolism
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
ORIGIN: parathyroid glands
TARGET: bones and kidneys
ACTION: helps to regulate calcium levels in the blood
testosterone
ORIGIN: gonads
TARGET: many cells in the body
ACTION: stimulate development of sperm and male secondary sex characteristics
estrogen
ORIGIN: gonads
TARGET: endometrium of the uterus and many other cells in the body
ACTION: stimulates development of female secondary sex characteristics and processes to prepare for pregnancy
