Unit 7: Genetics Flashcards
Is the study of heredity. Genetics involves study is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Genetics
Is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Heredity
Are the characteristics of an organism. Examples are eye color, freckles, height or dimples.
Traits
Chromosomes are thread-like structures in the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information. A chromosome consists of a long strand of DNA containing many genes.
Chromosome
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule made up of nucleotides that contains genetic information for cell growth, division and function.
DNA
A gene is a segment on a chromosome that determines a specific trait. Genes are the units of heredity.
Gene
The genetic make up or code of an organism - Ex: BB, Bb, bb
Genotype
The observable traits or physical appearance of an organism - Ex: brown eyes or blue eyes.
Phenotype
If an organism has two of the same kind of gene for a trait, it is called pure or homozygous.
Example: Homozygous brown eyes (BB) ~ Homozygous blue eyes (bb)
Homozygous
An organism with two different alleles for a trait is called heterozygous or hybrid.
Example: A heterozygous tall plant (Tt) expresses the dominant allele (T or tall) and thus, is tall.
Heterozygous