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Pharmacology > Unit 7: Drug Sources, Schedules & Dosages > Flashcards

Unit 7: Drug Sources, Schedules & Dosages Flashcards

1
Q

Study of drugs

A

Pharmacology

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2
Q

Pharmacology subdivisions

A 
Pharmacodynamics 
Pharmacognosy
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacogenomics 
Pharmacokinetics 
Pharmacotherapeutics
Toxicology
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3
Q

Medicinal substance that alters or modifies the functions of a living organism

A

Drug

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4
Q

5 medical used of drugs

A 
Therapeutic 
Diagnostic
Curative 
Replacement 
Preventive/prophylactic
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5
Q

Drug names

A

Chemical
Generic
Brand

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6
Q

Formula that denoted chemical composition of drug

A

Chemical

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7
Q

Official, established, nonproprietary name, has the same active ingredients as the brand name drug

A

Generic

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8
Q

Trade name given by manufacture

A

Brand

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9
Q

Drug sources

A 
Plants
Minerals 
Animals
Synthetic 
Genetically engineered pharmaceuticals 
Biologics
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10
Q

-Have been used as a source of medication since time began
- may use leaves, roots,stems or fruit
Examples: digitalis, iodine, Celestine, saw palmetto

A

Plants

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11
Q

-naturally occurring substances
-highly purified form
Example: sulfur

A

Minerals

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12
Q

-very few drugs
- made from fluids, tissues, organs or glands of animals
Example: Premarin

A

Animals

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13
Q
  • combination of various chemicals
  • may be identification to natural drug or totally unique
  • can be produced in great volume
  • less expensive than natural drugs
    Examples: chloromycetin, sulfathiazole
A

Synthetic

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14
Q
  • biotechnology
  • used in health care, agriculture, and industry
  • utilizes gene splicing/DNA
    Examples: Humulin, Activase , Nutropin, Pulmozyme
A

Genetically engineered pharmaceuticals

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15
Q
  • Vaccines
  • Blood and blood products
  • recombinant therapeutic proteins
    Examples: Amevive, Herceptin, Orencia, Remicade
A

Biologics

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16
Q
  • All legal drugs controlled by Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
  • Protects purity, strength, and composition of food, drugs, devices and cosmetics
  • FDA responsible for enforcement (DHHS)
A

Drug Legislation

17
Q
  • controls manufacture, importation, compounding, selling, dealing, or giving away of drugs w/ potential for addiction or abuse
    Examples: opium, cocaine, narcotics, stimulants, depressants
  • Drug enforcement agency (DEA) responsible for enforcement
  • practitioners must register with DEA
  • must renew every 3 years
A

Controlled Substance Act (CSA)

18
Q
  • schedule based on the substance’s medical potential for abuse
  • as the schedule changes, so does the abuse potential
  • schedule I = most dangerous
  • schedule V= least potential for abuse
A

Drug schedules

19
Q

Official list of standardized drugs

A

United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-NF)

20
Q

Lists all drugs that have reached a certain frequency of use

A

New Drugs

21
Q 
United States Pharmacopeia- National Formulary (USP-NF)
New Drugs 
Physicians Desk References 
Product information insert
Drugs at FDA
A

Drug References Resources

22
Q

Contains full FDA approved drug label info, including warnings, interactions,and phots of pills

A

Physicians’ Desk Reference

23
Q
  • Brief description of drug, clinical pharmacology, indication, usage, etc
  • provided with each product
A

Product information insert

24
Q
  • official web site of FDA, DHHS, and CDER
  • searchable catalog, of FDA approved drug products (prescription and OTC)
  • updated daily with marketing status
A

Drugs @ FDA

25
Q
  • determined by physician or qualified practitioner, who converted important factors:
    • age
    • weight /body surface area (BSA)
    • gender
    • medical hx
    • pathology
    • genetic variants
A

Drug dose

26
Q

First dose

A

Initial dose

27
Q

Amount proven most effective with minimum toxic effect

A

Average dose

28
Q

Larger initial dose does to bring drug to therapeutic level quicker

A

Loading dose

29
Q

Will keep concentrations at therapeutic levels

A

Maintenance dose

30
Q

Smallest effective dose

A

Minimum dose

31
Q

Largest safe amount

A

Maximum dose

32
Q

Amount needed for desired effect

A

Therapeutic dose

33
Q

Fractional portion at short intervals

A

Divided dose

34
Q

Pre-measured amount package per dose

A

Unit dose

35
Q

Summation of drug in body after repeated medication

A

Cumulative dose

36
Q

Amount that could kill a pt

A

Lethal dose

37
Q

Amount that causes symptoms of toxicity

A

Toxic dose

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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