Unit 7 - Cognition Flashcards
What is memory?
the persistance of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
What are the three retention measures?
recall, recognition, and relearning
What is recall?
a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier
What kind of retention measure does a fill-in-the-blank question use?
recall
What is recognition?
a measure of memory in which a person identifies items previously learned
What kind of memory measure does a multiple-choice question use?
recognition
What is relearning?
a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again
Who tested response speed of memory with nonsense syllables?
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Seeing a photo from you high school yearbook and remembering them is an example of…
recognition
What did Hermann Ebbinghaus come to the conclusion of in his research?
the more he repeated the list of nonsense syllables on Day 1, the less time he needed to spend on Day 2
What do tests of recognition and time spent relearning demonstrate?
that we remember more than we can simply recall
What are memory models?
tools that help humans think about how we form and retrieve information from our memory
What does the information-processing model use as a representation?
computer processing systems
What are the three steps to remembering in the information-processing model?
encoding, storage, and retrieval
What is encoding?
the process of getting information into the memory system
What is storage?
the process of retaining encoded information over time
What is retreival?
the process of getting information out of memory storage
What is parallel processing?
processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing
What memory model demonstrates parallel processing?
connectionism
Who developed the 3-stage connectionism model?
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin
What are the 3 stages of the connectionism model?
record to-be-remembered information as a fleeting sensory memory, process the information into our short-term memory via rehearsal, and move the info to long-term memory for retrieval later
What is sensory memory?
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information
What is short-term memory?
activated memory that holds few items briefly before it is either stored or forgotten
What is long-term memory?
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system including knowledge, skills, and experiences
What is working memory?
newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming sensory info, and long-term memory retrieval
