Unit 7: Classical Genetics

Question 1

Gentetics

Answer 1

The study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring

Question 2

Gregor Mendel

Answer 2

Aussic Monk worked with garden peas & developed the basic understanding of genetics

Question 3

Mendelian Genetics

Answer 3

Traits due to single gene with two or three alleles

Question 4

Dominant Trait

Answer 4

Needs only one dominant gene to express the trait; hides the recessive

Question 5

Recessive Trait

Answer 5

Needs both rr genes to to express the gene only seen in the absence of RR

Question 6

Homozygous Dominant

Answer 6

TT ==> two of the same large letters

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

Tt ==> one of each

Question 8

Homozygous Recessive

Answer 8

tt ==> two of the same little letters

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

Visible trait; tall, blue eyes, brown hair

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

Types of genes; TT, Tt or tt

Question 11

Punnett Square

Answer 11

Predicts the possible outcomes of a cross or matings

Question 12

Genetic Material of a Human

Answer 12

Humans have 46 chromosomes, or 23 homologous pairs

Question 13

DNA

Answer 13

Deoxyribonucleic Acid; contains all genetic material of the organism

Question 14

Chromosome

Answer 14

Linear structure containing DNA and protein found in the nucleus of the cell; each one containing many genes

Question 15

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 15

Humans have 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs

Question 16

Karyotype

Answer 16

The arrangement of an organisms chromosomes to look for genetic alterations and diseases

Question 17

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 17

Chromosomes same size with the same genes; one from mother and one from father

Question 18

Gene

Answer 18

Small section of chromosome that codes for a particular protein (1 gene = 1 protein or more)

Question 19

Allele

Answer 19

Alternate form of gene; gene for eye color, 1 allele for blue eyes and 1 for brown

Question 20

Genome

Answer 20

All genetic material of an organism

Question 21

Diploid

Answer 21

(2n) 2 types of each chromosome; one from mom and one from dad; all body cells are diploid

Question 22

Haploid

Answer 22

(n) 1 type of each chromosome; result of meiosis; all sex cells are haploid

Question 23

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 23

X & Y chromosomes [XX-female, XY-male]

Question 24

Mitosis

Answer 24

Cell division resulting in identical cells

Question 25

Meiosis

Answer 25

Cell division resulting in half the number of chromosomes

Question 26

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 26

Intermediate phenotype is seen in the heterozygous (Instead of one or the other, both are included); Red x white = pink

Question 27

Co-dominance

Answer 27

Both are equally expressed

Question 28

Blood types are determined by:

Answer 28

Antigens = proteins present on the surface of red blood cells

Question 29

The Three Alleles that Code for the Blood Type Protiens

Answer 29

I^A, I^B and i; I^A and I^B are co-dominant and i is recessive

Question 30

Define the Universal Donor and the Universal Acceptor

Answer 30

Blood type O and Blood type AB